A new tribe of sigmodontinae rodents (Cricetidae)

Phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular markers indicate that the so-called Reithrodon group, including the extant genera Euneomys, Neotomys, and Reithrodon, formerly within the tribe Phyllotini, is not monophyletic. In turn, a new clade of tribal rank is recovered constituted by Euneomys, Irenomys, and Neotomys, comprising a small, mostly Andean sigmodontine radiation. Within the new clade, here named and diagnosed, Irenomys appears as a taxon with many specialized traits, which suggests an early divergence associated with the exploitation of Nothofagus forests. The living members of the new tribe are characterized by several mor­phological features including grooved upper incisors, narrow and parallel-sided interorbital regions, enlarged interparietals, and simplified and hypsodont molars. This new phylogenetic scenario implies a high degree of craniodental convergence among several lineages of sigmodontine rodents. The tribal position of several high-crowned extinct forms of sigmodontine rodents (e.g., Panchomys, Tafimys), formerly allocated to the Reithrodon group, is in need of revision.