Ultraluminous X-ray sources in seven edge-on spiral galaxies

Kristen C. Dage; Noah Vowell; Erica Thygesen; Arash Bahramian; Daryl Haggard; Konstantinos Kovlakas; Arunav Kundu; Thomas J. Maccarone; Jay Strader; Ryan Urquhart; Stephen E. Zepf

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2850

Ultraluminous X-ray sources in seven edge-on spiral galaxies

Kristen C. Dage, Noah Vowell, Erica Thygesen, Arash Bahramian, Daryl Haggard, Konstantinos Kovlakas, Arunav Kundu, Thomas J. Maccarone, Jay Strader, Ryan Urquhart, Stephen E. Zepf

Physics

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3 Scopus citations

Abstract

We investigate a sample of seven edge-on spiral galaxies using Chandra observations. Edge-on spiral galaxies allow us to clearly separate source associated with their star-forming regions versus the outer edges of the system, offering a clear advantage over other systems. We uncover a number of X-ray point sources across these galaxies, and after eliminating contaminating foreground and background sources, we identify 12 candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). All of these sources are projected on to the central regions, implying that the majority of ULXs in this sample of spiral galaxies are disc/bulge, and thus not halo sources. This also includes two transient ULXs, which may be long-duration transients and low-mass X-ray binaries. This finding illustrates the need for further studies of transient ULXs.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4008-4016
Number of pages	9
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	508
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2850
State	Published - Dec 1 2021

Keywords

X-rays: binaries
accretion, accretion discs
galaxies: spiral

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10.1093/mnras/stab2850

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title = "Ultraluminous X-ray sources in seven edge-on spiral galaxies",

abstract = "We investigate a sample of seven edge-on spiral galaxies using Chandra observations. Edge-on spiral galaxies allow us to clearly separate source associated with their star-forming regions versus the outer edges of the system, offering a clear advantage over other systems. We uncover a number of X-ray point sources across these galaxies, and after eliminating contaminating foreground and background sources, we identify 12 candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). All of these sources are projected on to the central regions, implying that the majority of ULXs in this sample of spiral galaxies are disc/bulge, and thus not halo sources. This also includes two transient ULXs, which may be long-duration transients and low-mass X-ray binaries. This finding illustrates the need for further studies of transient ULXs.",

keywords = "X-rays: binaries, accretion, accretion discs, galaxies: spiral",

author = "Dage, {Kristen C.} and Noah Vowell and Erica Thygesen and Arash Bahramian and Daryl Haggard and Konstantinos Kovlakas and Arunav Kundu and Maccarone, {Thomas J.} and Jay Strader and Ryan Urquhart and Zepf, {Stephen E.}",

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year = "2021",

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doi = "10.1093/mnras/stab2850",

language = "English",

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journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

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T1 - Ultraluminous X-ray sources in seven edge-on spiral galaxies

AU - Dage, Kristen C.

AU - Vowell, Noah

AU - Thygesen, Erica

AU - Bahramian, Arash

AU - Haggard, Daryl

AU - Kovlakas, Konstantinos

AU - Kundu, Arunav

AU - Maccarone, Thomas J.

AU - Strader, Jay

AU - Urquhart, Ryan

AU - Zepf, Stephen E.

PY - 2021/12/1

Y1 - 2021/12/1

N2 - We investigate a sample of seven edge-on spiral galaxies using Chandra observations. Edge-on spiral galaxies allow us to clearly separate source associated with their star-forming regions versus the outer edges of the system, offering a clear advantage over other systems. We uncover a number of X-ray point sources across these galaxies, and after eliminating contaminating foreground and background sources, we identify 12 candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). All of these sources are projected on to the central regions, implying that the majority of ULXs in this sample of spiral galaxies are disc/bulge, and thus not halo sources. This also includes two transient ULXs, which may be long-duration transients and low-mass X-ray binaries. This finding illustrates the need for further studies of transient ULXs.

AB - We investigate a sample of seven edge-on spiral galaxies using Chandra observations. Edge-on spiral galaxies allow us to clearly separate source associated with their star-forming regions versus the outer edges of the system, offering a clear advantage over other systems. We uncover a number of X-ray point sources across these galaxies, and after eliminating contaminating foreground and background sources, we identify 12 candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). All of these sources are projected on to the central regions, implying that the majority of ULXs in this sample of spiral galaxies are disc/bulge, and thus not halo sources. This also includes two transient ULXs, which may be long-duration transients and low-mass X-ray binaries. This finding illustrates the need for further studies of transient ULXs.

KW - X-rays: binaries

KW - accretion, accretion discs

KW - galaxies: spiral

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119516667&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stab2850

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stab2850

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85119516667

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 508

SP - 4008

EP - 4016

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 3

ER -

Ultraluminous X-ray sources in seven edge-on spiral galaxies

Abstract

Keywords

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