Toward high fidelity headform and respirator models

Respirator fit and comfort are two important performances for designers, manufacturers, users, and standard developers. Simulation-based approach to predict respirator fit and comfort has advantage over traditional experiment method because simulation-based method can not only predict fit and comfort, but also give the insights of Whys. For simulation-based approach, the fidelity of the models of respirator and headform is the key to ensure that the predictive models are accurate. In this paper, we will present the systematic procedure and method to generate high fidelity models for respirators and headforms. First, scanned models are obtained by reverse engineering technology. Second, further manipulation is required to remove deficiencies and generate accurate CAD models. Third, complex multi-layer headform and respirator models are developed within the L Y -DYNA environment. The deformable tissue consists of dermis layer, fatter tissue layer, muscle layer and bone layer and the whole head is divided into five segments (two segments for maxilla, one segment for frontal, one segment for mandible, and one segment for back head). All five segments have different thicknesses on each layer. The headform model can be customized and used for simulation study.