Three ultraluminous X-ray sources hosted by globular clusters in NGC 1316

Kristen C. Dage; Arunav Kundu; Erica Thygesen; Arash Bahramian; Daryl Haggard; Jimmy A. Irwin; Thomas J. MacCarone; Sneha Nair; Mark B. Peacock; Jay Strader; Stephen E. Zepf

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab943

Three ultraluminous X-ray sources hosted by globular clusters in NGC 1316

Kristen C. Dage, Arunav Kundu, Erica Thygesen, Arash Bahramian, Daryl Haggard, Jimmy A. Irwin, Thomas J. MacCarone, Sneha Nair, Mark B. Peacock, Jay Strader, Stephen E. Zepf

Physics

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6 Scopus citations

Abstract

We have identified three ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) hosted by globular clusters (GCs) within NGC 1316's stellar system. These discoveries bring the total number of known ULXs in GCs up to 20. We find that the X-ray spectra of the three new sources do not deviate from the established pattern of spectral behaviour of the other known GC ULXs. The consistency of the X-ray spectral behaviour for these sources points to multiple paths of formation and evolution mechanisms for these rare and unique sources. Using the now larger sample of GC ULXs, we compare the optical properties of the entire known population of GC ULXs to other GCs across five galaxies and find that the properties of clusters that host ULXs are quite different from the typical clusters. Lastly, any trend of GC ULXs being preferentially hosted by metal-rich clusters is not strongly significant in this sample.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1545-1554
Number of pages	10
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	504
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab943
State	Published - Jun 1 2021

Keywords

X-rays: binaries
globular clusters: general

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10.1093/mnras/stab943

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title = "Three ultraluminous X-ray sources hosted by globular clusters in NGC 1316",

abstract = "We have identified three ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) hosted by globular clusters (GCs) within NGC 1316's stellar system. These discoveries bring the total number of known ULXs in GCs up to 20. We find that the X-ray spectra of the three new sources do not deviate from the established pattern of spectral behaviour of the other known GC ULXs. The consistency of the X-ray spectral behaviour for these sources points to multiple paths of formation and evolution mechanisms for these rare and unique sources. Using the now larger sample of GC ULXs, we compare the optical properties of the entire known population of GC ULXs to other GCs across five galaxies and find that the properties of clusters that host ULXs are quite different from the typical clusters. Lastly, any trend of GC ULXs being preferentially hosted by metal-rich clusters is not strongly significant in this sample.",

keywords = "X-rays: binaries, globular clusters: general",

author = "Dage, {Kristen C.} and Arunav Kundu and Erica Thygesen and Arash Bahramian and Daryl Haggard and Irwin, {Jimmy A.} and MacCarone, {Thomas J.} and Sneha Nair and Peacock, {Mark B.} and Jay Strader and Zepf, {Stephen E.}",

note = "Funding Information: KCD and DH acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) Program, and the McGill Bob Wares Science Innovation Prospectors Fund. KCD acknowledges fellowship funding from the McGill Space Institute. AK and MBP acknowledge support from NASA through grant number GO-14738 from StSci. SEZ acknowledges support from Chandra grants GO9-20080X and AR0-21008B. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2021",

month = jun,

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doi = "10.1093/mnras/stab943",

language = "English",

volume = "504",

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T1 - Three ultraluminous X-ray sources hosted by globular clusters in NGC 1316

AU - Dage, Kristen C.

AU - Kundu, Arunav

AU - Thygesen, Erica

AU - Bahramian, Arash

AU - Haggard, Daryl

AU - Irwin, Jimmy A.

AU - MacCarone, Thomas J.

AU - Nair, Sneha

AU - Peacock, Mark B.

AU - Strader, Jay

AU - Zepf, Stephen E.

N1 - Funding Information: KCD and DH acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) Program, and the McGill Bob Wares Science Innovation Prospectors Fund. KCD acknowledges fellowship funding from the McGill Space Institute. AK and MBP acknowledge support from NASA through grant number GO-14738 from StSci. SEZ acknowledges support from Chandra grants GO9-20080X and AR0-21008B. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

PY - 2021/6/1

Y1 - 2021/6/1

N2 - We have identified three ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) hosted by globular clusters (GCs) within NGC 1316's stellar system. These discoveries bring the total number of known ULXs in GCs up to 20. We find that the X-ray spectra of the three new sources do not deviate from the established pattern of spectral behaviour of the other known GC ULXs. The consistency of the X-ray spectral behaviour for these sources points to multiple paths of formation and evolution mechanisms for these rare and unique sources. Using the now larger sample of GC ULXs, we compare the optical properties of the entire known population of GC ULXs to other GCs across five galaxies and find that the properties of clusters that host ULXs are quite different from the typical clusters. Lastly, any trend of GC ULXs being preferentially hosted by metal-rich clusters is not strongly significant in this sample.

AB - We have identified three ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) hosted by globular clusters (GCs) within NGC 1316's stellar system. These discoveries bring the total number of known ULXs in GCs up to 20. We find that the X-ray spectra of the three new sources do not deviate from the established pattern of spectral behaviour of the other known GC ULXs. The consistency of the X-ray spectral behaviour for these sources points to multiple paths of formation and evolution mechanisms for these rare and unique sources. Using the now larger sample of GC ULXs, we compare the optical properties of the entire known population of GC ULXs to other GCs across five galaxies and find that the properties of clusters that host ULXs are quite different from the typical clusters. Lastly, any trend of GC ULXs being preferentially hosted by metal-rich clusters is not strongly significant in this sample.

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Three ultraluminous X-ray sources hosted by globular clusters in NGC 1316

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