TY - JOUR
T1 - The thyroid endocrine disruptor perchlorate affects reproduction, growth, and survival of mosquitofish
AU - Park, June Woo
AU - Rinchard, Jacques
AU - Liu, Fujun
AU - Anderson, Todd A.
AU - Kendall, Ronald J.
AU - Theodorakis, Christopher W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Elbia Galo, Stephany Gallegos, Jaclyn Cañas, and Emilia Cruz-Li, Texas Tech University, for fish husbandry, analytical, and technical assistance. We appreciate Dr. Ernest Smith and Dr. Reynaldo Patiño, Texas Tech University, for providing critical reviews of an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the US Department of Defense Contract CU1141, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program under Cooperative Agreement IERA-99-001 with the USAF, Institute of Environment, Safety and Occupational Health, Brooks AFB, TX. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the 311 HSW/AFIERA or the US Government.
PY - 2006/3
Y1 - 2006/3
N2 - The perchlorate anion - an oxidizer found in rockets, missiles, some ammunition, flares, airbags, and fireworks - occurs as a contaminant in ground and surface water in many parts of the United States. Its toxic effects include inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis. To investigate its chronic toxicity, mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) adults and fry were exposed to aqueous sodium perchlorate at 1, 10, and 100 mg/L, and growth and reproductive performance (fecundity, eggs/embryos mass, and gonadosomatic index [GSI]) were determined. Five-day acute toxicity tests were also performed. Perchlorate had a stimulatory effect on fecundity, GSI, and egg/embryo mass, at least for some treatments. The LC50 of sodium perchlorate was 404 mg/L. Growth was enhanced at 1 mg/L but inhibited at 10 mg/L. These results suggest that, at environmentally relevant concentrations, perchlorate does not induce acutely toxic effects but may have mild stimulatory or hormetic effects on fitness parameters in this species.
AB - The perchlorate anion - an oxidizer found in rockets, missiles, some ammunition, flares, airbags, and fireworks - occurs as a contaminant in ground and surface water in many parts of the United States. Its toxic effects include inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis. To investigate its chronic toxicity, mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) adults and fry were exposed to aqueous sodium perchlorate at 1, 10, and 100 mg/L, and growth and reproductive performance (fecundity, eggs/embryos mass, and gonadosomatic index [GSI]) were determined. Five-day acute toxicity tests were also performed. Perchlorate had a stimulatory effect on fecundity, GSI, and egg/embryo mass, at least for some treatments. The LC50 of sodium perchlorate was 404 mg/L. Growth was enhanced at 1 mg/L but inhibited at 10 mg/L. These results suggest that, at environmentally relevant concentrations, perchlorate does not induce acutely toxic effects but may have mild stimulatory or hormetic effects on fitness parameters in this species.
KW - Acute toxicity
KW - Chronic toxicity
KW - Fish
KW - Gambusia
KW - Growth
KW - LC
KW - Mosquitofish
KW - Perchlorate
KW - Reproduction
KW - Thyroid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33644533857&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.04.002
DO - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.04.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 16507371
AN - SCOPUS:33644533857
VL - 63
SP - 343
EP - 352
JO - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
SN - 0147-6513
IS - 3
ER -