TY - JOUR
T1 - The aetiology of obesity beyond eating more and exercising less
AU - Dhurandhar, Emily J.
AU - Keith, Scott W.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Although recent increases in availability of energy dense, processed foods and reductions in institutionally driven physical activity have created an environment that is permissible for obesity to occur, several other factors may contribute to the development of obesity in this context. We review evidence for eleven such factors: endocrine disruptors, intrauterine effects, epigenetics, maternal age, differential fecundity and assortative mating by body mass index, microorganisms, reduction in variability of ambient temperatures, smoking cessation, sleep debt, and pharmaceutical iatrogenesis. Evidence for the role of endocrine disruptors, microorganisms, ambient temperatures, sleep and reproductive factors is accumulating, but additional research is needed to confirm the causative role of these factors in human obesity. However, the role of certain pharmaceuticals and smoking cessation in development of human obesity is clear. Practice points for consideration and future research needed are highlighted for each factor.
AB - Although recent increases in availability of energy dense, processed foods and reductions in institutionally driven physical activity have created an environment that is permissible for obesity to occur, several other factors may contribute to the development of obesity in this context. We review evidence for eleven such factors: endocrine disruptors, intrauterine effects, epigenetics, maternal age, differential fecundity and assortative mating by body mass index, microorganisms, reduction in variability of ambient temperatures, smoking cessation, sleep debt, and pharmaceutical iatrogenesis. Evidence for the role of endocrine disruptors, microorganisms, ambient temperatures, sleep and reproductive factors is accumulating, but additional research is needed to confirm the causative role of these factors in human obesity. However, the role of certain pharmaceuticals and smoking cessation in development of human obesity is clear. Practice points for consideration and future research needed are highlighted for each factor.
KW - Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions
KW - Endocrine disruptors
KW - Epigenomics
KW - Infection
KW - Microbiota
KW - Obesity
KW - Reproduction
KW - Sleep
KW - Smoking
KW - Temperature
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84910002878&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.001
DO - 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25194173
AN - SCOPUS:84910002878
VL - 28
SP - 533
EP - 544
JO - Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology
JF - Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology
SN - 1521-6918
IS - 4
ER -