@article{98c9dfdbe4ab4d55bdc6e6db08bf09cb,
title = "Single-layer graphene as a highly selective barrier for vanadium crossover with high proton selectivity",
abstract = "We report near-zero crossover for vanadium cross-permeation through single-layer graphene immobilized at the interface of two Nafion{\textregistered} polymer electrolyte membranes. Vanadium ion diffusion and migration, including proton mobility through membrane composites, were studied with and without graphene under diffusion and migration conditions. Single-layer graphene was found to effectively inhibit vanadium ion diffusion and migration under specific conditions. The single-layer graphene composites also enabled remarkable ion transmission selectivity improvements over pure Nafion{\textregistered} membranes, with proton transport being four orders of magnitude faster than vanadium ion transport. Resistivity values of 0.02 ± 0.005 Ω cm2 for proton and 223 ± 4 Ω cm2 for vanadium ion through single atomic layer graphene are reported. This high selectivity may have significant impact on flow battery applications or for other electrochemical devices where proton conductivity is required, and transport of other species is detrimental. Our results emphasize that crossover may be essentially completely eliminated in some cases, enabling for greatly improved operational viability.",
author = "Saheed Bukola and Zhaodong Li and Jason Zack and Christopher Antunes and Carol Korzeniewski and Glenn Teeter and Jeffrey Blackburn and Bryan Pivovar",
note = "Funding Information: This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at NREL. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Authors express their gratitude to Prof. Joel M. Harris (Chemistry Department, University of Utah) for membrane/graphene Raman characterization on Confocal Raman microscopy facility in his laboratory and additional support for Raman microscopy through Grant DE-FG03-93ER14333. Funding Information: This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at NREL. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Science Press",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1016/j.jechem.2020.11.025",
language = "English",
pages = "419--430",
journal = "J. Energy. Chem.",
issn = "2095-4956",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}