Rates of Ammonia Absorption and Release in Calcium Chloride

Collin Smith; Mahdi Malmali; Chen Yu Liu; Alon V. McCormick; E. L. Cussler

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02108

Rates of Ammonia Absorption and Release in Calcium Chloride

Collin Smith, Mahdi Malmali, Chen Yu Liu, Alon V. McCormick, E. L. Cussler

Chemical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

After synthesis, ammonia can be selectively absorbed by calcium chloride; nitrogen and hydrogen are not absorbed. The kinetics of release seem to be diffusion controlled. The kinetics of absorption are consistent with a first-order reaction after an initial period of a higher-order reaction, which may indicate a nucleation event. At 225 °C, both absorption and release show half-lives of around 10 min if the ammonia partial pressure is swung from 2 to 1 bar, which allows design of an absorber for the periodic separation of ammonia. When this absorber replaces the ammonia condenser in a conventional ammonia synthesis, the ammonia production at low pressure can have the same rate as the conventional process operating at higher pressure.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	11827-11835
Number of pages	9
Journal	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
Volume	6
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02108
State	Published - Sep 4 2018

Keywords

Absorption
Ammonia
Kinetics
Metal halide
Pressure swing absorption

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title = "Rates of Ammonia Absorption and Release in Calcium Chloride",

abstract = "After synthesis, ammonia can be selectively absorbed by calcium chloride; nitrogen and hydrogen are not absorbed. The kinetics of release seem to be diffusion controlled. The kinetics of absorption are consistent with a first-order reaction after an initial period of a higher-order reaction, which may indicate a nucleation event. At 225 °C, both absorption and release show half-lives of around 10 min if the ammonia partial pressure is swung from 2 to 1 bar, which allows design of an absorber for the periodic separation of ammonia. When this absorber replaces the ammonia condenser in a conventional ammonia synthesis, the ammonia production at low pressure can have the same rate as the conventional process operating at higher pressure.",

keywords = "Absorption, Ammonia, Kinetics, Metal halide, Pressure swing absorption",

author = "Collin Smith and Mahdi Malmali and Liu, {Chen Yu} and McCormick, {Alon V.} and Cussler, {E. L.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR0000804; in part by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR,/ ML 2015, CH 76, SEC 2, SUBD 07A); and in part by the MnDRIVE initiative of the University of Minnesota (MNT11). The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Giang Le is acknowledged for assistance. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Chemical Society.",

year = "2018",

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doi = "10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02108",

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AU - Smith, Collin

AU - Malmali, Mahdi

AU - Liu, Chen Yu

AU - McCormick, Alon V.

AU - Cussler, E. L.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR0000804; in part by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR,/ ML 2015, CH 76, SEC 2, SUBD 07A); and in part by the MnDRIVE initiative of the University of Minnesota (MNT11). The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Giang Le is acknowledged for assistance. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 American Chemical Society.

PY - 2018/9/4

Y1 - 2018/9/4

N2 - After synthesis, ammonia can be selectively absorbed by calcium chloride; nitrogen and hydrogen are not absorbed. The kinetics of release seem to be diffusion controlled. The kinetics of absorption are consistent with a first-order reaction after an initial period of a higher-order reaction, which may indicate a nucleation event. At 225 °C, both absorption and release show half-lives of around 10 min if the ammonia partial pressure is swung from 2 to 1 bar, which allows design of an absorber for the periodic separation of ammonia. When this absorber replaces the ammonia condenser in a conventional ammonia synthesis, the ammonia production at low pressure can have the same rate as the conventional process operating at higher pressure.

AB - After synthesis, ammonia can be selectively absorbed by calcium chloride; nitrogen and hydrogen are not absorbed. The kinetics of release seem to be diffusion controlled. The kinetics of absorption are consistent with a first-order reaction after an initial period of a higher-order reaction, which may indicate a nucleation event. At 225 °C, both absorption and release show half-lives of around 10 min if the ammonia partial pressure is swung from 2 to 1 bar, which allows design of an absorber for the periodic separation of ammonia. When this absorber replaces the ammonia condenser in a conventional ammonia synthesis, the ammonia production at low pressure can have the same rate as the conventional process operating at higher pressure.

KW - Absorption

KW - Ammonia

KW - Kinetics

KW - Metal halide

KW - Pressure swing absorption

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JF - ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering

SN - 2168-0485

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ER -

Rates of Ammonia Absorption and Release in Calcium Chloride

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Keywords

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