TY - JOUR
T1 - Rare earth elements lanthanum and gadolinium induce phosphate-deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings
AU - Ruíz-Herrera, León F.
AU - Sánchez-Calderón, Lenin
AU - Herrera-Estrella, Luis
AU - López-Bucio, J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, México, grant no. 43978) and the Consejo de la Investigación Científica (UMSNH, México, grant no. CIC 2.26). We thank Drs Peter Doerner, Tom Guilfoyle, Mark A. Estelle, Thierry Desnos and Hiroyuki Ohta for kindly providing us with Arabidopsis transgenic and mutant seeds.
PY - 2012/4
Y1 - 2012/4
N2 - Aims: The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of rare earth elements lanthanum (La 3+) and gadolinium (Gd 3+) on root system architecture and interactions with low phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods: Detailed analysis of root system architecture was performed in Arabidopsis WT seedlings and in low phosphorus insensitive mutants lpi1-3 and lpr1-1 lpr2-1 in response to REEs. Expression studies of P-deficiency regulated phosphate transporters AtPT1, AtPT2 and AtMGD2 were also conducted. The role of auxin as a mediator of root morphogenetic changes by Gd 3+ was evaluated by using the auxin-inducible marker gene DR5:uidA and auxin-signaling mutants tir1, tir1 afb2 afb3, arf7, arf19 and arf7 arf19. Results: We found that increasing concentrations of REEs inhibited primary root growth and increased root hair and lateral root development in WT seedlings. These effects were reduced in low phosphorus insensitive mutants lpi1-3 and lpr1-1 lpr2-1. Gd 3+ activated the expression of AtPT1, AtPT2 and AtMGD2 markers. Lateral root formation by Gd 3+ decreased in tir1 afb2 afb3 and arf7 arf19 mutants. Conclusions: Our results suggest that REEs affect RSA in Arabidopsis by inducing low-P adaptive responses by creating P deficiency conditions in the growth medium by precipitating phosphate.
AB - Aims: The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of rare earth elements lanthanum (La 3+) and gadolinium (Gd 3+) on root system architecture and interactions with low phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods: Detailed analysis of root system architecture was performed in Arabidopsis WT seedlings and in low phosphorus insensitive mutants lpi1-3 and lpr1-1 lpr2-1 in response to REEs. Expression studies of P-deficiency regulated phosphate transporters AtPT1, AtPT2 and AtMGD2 were also conducted. The role of auxin as a mediator of root morphogenetic changes by Gd 3+ was evaluated by using the auxin-inducible marker gene DR5:uidA and auxin-signaling mutants tir1, tir1 afb2 afb3, arf7, arf19 and arf7 arf19. Results: We found that increasing concentrations of REEs inhibited primary root growth and increased root hair and lateral root development in WT seedlings. These effects were reduced in low phosphorus insensitive mutants lpi1-3 and lpr1-1 lpr2-1. Gd 3+ activated the expression of AtPT1, AtPT2 and AtMGD2 markers. Lateral root formation by Gd 3+ decreased in tir1 afb2 afb3 and arf7 arf19 mutants. Conclusions: Our results suggest that REEs affect RSA in Arabidopsis by inducing low-P adaptive responses by creating P deficiency conditions in the growth medium by precipitating phosphate.
KW - Arabidopsis thaliana
KW - Auxin mutants
KW - Gadolinium
KW - Lanthanum
KW - Phosphate deficiency
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84858341868&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11104-011-1026-1
DO - 10.1007/s11104-011-1026-1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84858341868
SN - 0032-079X
VL - 353
SP - 231
EP - 247
JO - Plant and Soil
JF - Plant and Soil
IS - 1-2
ER -