TY - JOUR
T1 - Pre-weaning plane of nutrition and Mannheimia haemolytica dose influence inflammatory responses to a bovine herpesvirus-1 and Mannheimia haemolytica challenge in post-weaning Holstein calves
AU - Sharon, K. P.
AU - Liang, Y.
AU - Sanchez, N. C.Burdick
AU - Carroll, J. A.
AU - Broadway, P. R.
AU - Davis, E. M.
AU - Ballou, M. A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was partially funded by a grant from the Texas Animal Nutrition Council (Dallas, TX). Milk replacer was donated by Land O'Lakes Animal Milk Products Company, Shoreview, MN. The authors thank Jeff Dailey, Jessica Carroll, Ryan Buchanan, and Chunfa Wu, of the USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit (Lubbock, TX) for their help collecting data. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal-opportunity provider and employer.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Dairy Science Association
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - The objectives of this study were to determine whether plane of nutrition (PON) of milk replacer previously provided to calves, and dosage level of Mannheimia haemolytica (MH), influenced inflammatory responses to a combined viral-bacterial respiratory challenge. Holstein calves (1 d of age; n = 30) were assigned to treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial with pre-weaning PON and MH dose as main effects (n = 5 per treatment). Calves were fed either a low (LPN; n = 15) or a high PON (HPN; n = 15) from birth through weaning. Calves fed LPN were fed 436 g of dry matter (DM) per day of milk replacer until weaning, and HPN calves were fed 797 g of DM per day of milk replacer from d 1 to 10 and 1,080 g of DM per day from d 11 until weaning. Calf starter and water were offered ad libitum. Calves were step-down weaned beginning at d 54 and moved into an enclosed barn at d 70. Indwelling rectal temperature (RT) recording devices and jugular catheters were inserted at d 80. Calves were challenged with 1.5 × 108 plaque-forming units (pfu) per mL of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in each nostril at d 81 and with either 106, 107, or 108 cfu of MH at d 84. Blood samples were collected at varying intervals relative to BHV-1 and MH challenges. Four LPN calves either died or were euthanized soon after the 144-h observation period, whereas all HPN calves survived the entire observation period. As dosage of MH administered increased, acute and systemic inflammatory responses increased. Higher doses of MH resulted in increased leukocyte, neutrophil, and haptoglobin concentrations in infected calves. Data from the current study suggest that the highest dose, 108 cfu, triggered weaned calves' acute disease response, whereas the lower doses, 106 and 107 cfu, caused more moderate inflammation and disease. The effects of PON on inflammation responses to the disease challenge indicated that calves previously fed the LPN diet had more severe pathophysiological responses. Calves fed LPN showed higher peripheral neutrophil and leukocyte counts and serum haptoglobin concentrations following the BHV-1 challenge. Additionally, following the MH challenge, LPN calves had higher peripheral neutrophil counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations. These data demonstrate that higher doses of MH increase the acute inflammatory response and prolong inflammation, and that calves previously fed LPN responded more severely to the combined viral-bacterial respiratory challenge.
AB - The objectives of this study were to determine whether plane of nutrition (PON) of milk replacer previously provided to calves, and dosage level of Mannheimia haemolytica (MH), influenced inflammatory responses to a combined viral-bacterial respiratory challenge. Holstein calves (1 d of age; n = 30) were assigned to treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial with pre-weaning PON and MH dose as main effects (n = 5 per treatment). Calves were fed either a low (LPN; n = 15) or a high PON (HPN; n = 15) from birth through weaning. Calves fed LPN were fed 436 g of dry matter (DM) per day of milk replacer until weaning, and HPN calves were fed 797 g of DM per day of milk replacer from d 1 to 10 and 1,080 g of DM per day from d 11 until weaning. Calf starter and water were offered ad libitum. Calves were step-down weaned beginning at d 54 and moved into an enclosed barn at d 70. Indwelling rectal temperature (RT) recording devices and jugular catheters were inserted at d 80. Calves were challenged with 1.5 × 108 plaque-forming units (pfu) per mL of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in each nostril at d 81 and with either 106, 107, or 108 cfu of MH at d 84. Blood samples were collected at varying intervals relative to BHV-1 and MH challenges. Four LPN calves either died or were euthanized soon after the 144-h observation period, whereas all HPN calves survived the entire observation period. As dosage of MH administered increased, acute and systemic inflammatory responses increased. Higher doses of MH resulted in increased leukocyte, neutrophil, and haptoglobin concentrations in infected calves. Data from the current study suggest that the highest dose, 108 cfu, triggered weaned calves' acute disease response, whereas the lower doses, 106 and 107 cfu, caused more moderate inflammation and disease. The effects of PON on inflammation responses to the disease challenge indicated that calves previously fed the LPN diet had more severe pathophysiological responses. Calves fed LPN showed higher peripheral neutrophil and leukocyte counts and serum haptoglobin concentrations following the BHV-1 challenge. Additionally, following the MH challenge, LPN calves had higher peripheral neutrophil counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations. These data demonstrate that higher doses of MH increase the acute inflammatory response and prolong inflammation, and that calves previously fed LPN responded more severely to the combined viral-bacterial respiratory challenge.
KW - calves
KW - health
KW - nutrition
KW - respiratory disease
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072153436&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3168/jds.2018-15997
DO - 10.3168/jds.2018-15997
M3 - Article
C2 - 31400890
AN - SCOPUS:85072153436
VL - 102
SP - 9082
EP - 9096
JO - Journal of Dairy Science
JF - Journal of Dairy Science
SN - 0022-0302
IS - 10
ER -