From 'Virtuous to Pragmatic’ Pursuit of Social Mission: A Sustainability-Based Typology of Nonprofit Organizations and Corresponding Strategies: A sustainability-based typology of nonprofit organizations and corresponding strategies

Abstract<br>Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a sustainability-based typology for non-profit<br>organizations and corresponding strategies to sustain the mission and/or financial objectives of<br>non-profit organizations. The balance of mission and money, known in the non-profit literature as the<br>double bottom line, is a challenge for professional managers who run non-profits and scholars who<br>study them.<br>Design/methodology/approach – Typologies are often used to classify phenomena to improve<br>understanding and bring about clarity. In this paper, non-profit organizations are viewed from a social<br>and fiscal viability perspective, developed from the long standing challenge of balancing mission and<br>money.<br>Findings – The typology developed in this paper identifies several normative strategies that<br>correspond to the social and fiscal viability of non-profit organizations. In fact, the strategies offered in<br>this paper can help non-profit managers achie