@article{c2d6fe830b8848c98a8fd870d3a0837a,
title = "On muon production and other leakage aspects of pion absorption in a lead/scintillating-fiber calorimeter",
abstract = "We report on an experimental study of longitudinal leakage phenomena in hadronic shower development. Pions in the energy range of 10-150 GeV were sent into a lead/scintillating-fiber calorimeter with a thickness of 9.6 nuclear interaction lengths. The average fraction of the energy leaking out at the back of this calorimeter ranges from 0.04% at 10 GeV to 0.4% at 150 GeV. This leakage has a very small effect on the hadronic energy resolution. We measured the probability of the creation of escaping muons in the shower development process. This probability ranges from 0.2% at 10 GeV to 2.1% at 150 GeV. Assuming that these muons are produced from π- or K-decay, we find an exponentially decaying muon spectrum with a typical momentum of 2.8 GeV/c, at 80 GeV incident energy. Also the rates at which hadrons and soft neutrons escape from the calorimeter are measured. Within the acceptance of the leakage calorimeter, neutrons are observed about 10 times as often as muons. Escaping hadrons dominate muons for shower energies above 20 GeV. The experiments were performed at CERN in the framework of the LAA project.",
author = "D. Acosta and S. Buontempo and L. Cal{\^o}ba and M. Caria and R. DeSalvo and A. Ereditato and R. Ferrari and G. Fumagalli and G. Goggi and W. Hao and Hartjes, {F. G.} and A. Henriques and L. Linssen and M. Livan and A. Maio and L. Mapelli and Mondardini, {M. R.} and B. Ong and Paar, {H. P.} and F. Pastore and E. Pennacchio and L. Poggioli and G. Polesello and F. Riccardi and A. Rimoldi and Scheel, {C. V.} and J. Schmitz and Seixas, {J. M.} and A. Simon and M. Sivertz and P. Sonderegger and Souza, {M. N.} and Thom{\'e}, {Z. D.} and V. Vercesi and Y. Wang and R. Wigmans and C. Xu and K. You",
note = "Funding Information: We are deeply grateful to the L{\`A}A Project Leader, Prof. A. Zichichi, for his vision, his warm interest and his encouraging support. We thank our colleagues from the UA2 Group, and in particular P. Jenni, who helped us in many ways, in particular when running the beam tests. The work described in this article would have been impossible without the outstanding technical support provided by our technicians O. Barnaba, C. Bau-doin, M. Borriello, S. Bricola, J .-M. Chapuis, C. Farella, B. Foligne, A. Freddi, G. Improta, G. Iuvino, F. Pagano, S. Robinson, R. Rocco, L. Rose-Dulcina, G. Sanmer, C. Schillinger, A. Sigrist and V. Vanzanella. Financial support from the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare to the Cagliari, Napoli and Pavia groups, from the Conselho National de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil to the Rio de Janeiro group, and from the U.S . Department of Energy and National Science Foundation to the San Diego group is acknowledged . And finally, we are grateful to the staff of the SPS, and in particular to N. Doble, for the excellent beam conditions and assistance provided during our tests. Funding Information: University of California, San Diego, USA n University di Napoli and INFN Sez. Napoli, Italy COPPE/EE/ UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ° University dt Cagliari and INFN Sez. Cagliari, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland f CERN /LAA project, Geneva, Switzerland x CERN (Worldlab fellowship), Geneva, Switzerland h University di Pavia and INFN Sez. Paria, Italy ' NIKHEF-H, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ' LIP, Lisbon, Portugal k Cornell University, Ithaca, USA t LPNHE, Unuuersit{\'e} Paris VI & VII, ' Umuersitdt Heidelberg, Heidelberg,",
year = "1991",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/0168-9002(91)90096-9",
language = "English",
volume = "309",
pages = "143--159",
journal = "Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A",
issn = "0168-9002",
number = "1-2",
}