TY - JOUR
T1 - New insights into the signaling system and function of insulin in fish
AU - Caruso, Michael A.
AU - Sheridan, Mark A.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Heather Bergan, Elizabeth Ellens, and Jeff Kittilson for their assistance with the preparation of the manuscript and the accompanying figures. The work of past and present students and collaborators, especially Darrin Cowley, Walt Dickhoff, Carmen Eilertson, Jamie Harmon, John Holmes, Yung-Hsi Kao, John Leatherland, Tom Mommsen, Erika Plisetskaya, Jason Raine, Penny Swanson, and John Youson, are gratefully acknowledged. The support of NSF Grant IOS 0920116 to M.A.S. and a ND EPSCoR fellowship, funded by NSF Grant EPS 0814442 , to M.A.C. also are gratefully acknowledged. This paper is dedicated to Professor Howard A. Bern, who taught one of us (MAS), and by extension the other of us (MAC), about the importance of people in science. His support and encouragement not only helped the fledgling journal, General and Comparative Endocrinology, to fly and thrive to celebrate its 50th anniversary, but he has inspired countless scientists to fly and thrive in the field of comparative endocrinology as well.
PY - 2011/9/1
Y1 - 2011/9/1
N2 - Fish have provided essential information about the structure, biosynthesis, evolution, and function of insulin (INS) as well as about the structure, evolution, and mechanism of action of insulin receptors (IR). INS, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and IGF-2 share a common ancestor; INS and a single IGF occur in Agnathans, whereas INS and distinct IGF-1 and IGF-2s appear in Chondrichthyes. Some but not all teleost fish possess multiple INS genes, but it is not clear if they arose from a common gene duplication event or from multiple separate gene duplications. INS is produced by the endocrine pancreas of fish as well as by several other tissues, including brain, pituitary, gastrointestinal tract, and adipose tissue. INS regulates various aspects of feeding, growth, development, and intermediary metabolism in fish. The actions of INS are mediated through the insulin receptor (IR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. IRs are widely distributed in peripheral tissues of fish, and multiple IR subtypes that derive from distinct mRNAs have been described. The IRs of fish link to several cellular effector systems, including the ERK and IRS-PI3k-Akt pathways. The diverse effects of INS can be modulated by altering the production and release of INS as well as by adjusting the production/surface expression of IR. The diverse actions of INS in fish as well as the diverse nature of the neural, hormonal, and environmental factors known to affect the INS signaling system reflects the various life history patterns that have evolved to enable fish to occupy a wide range of aquatic habitats.
AB - Fish have provided essential information about the structure, biosynthesis, evolution, and function of insulin (INS) as well as about the structure, evolution, and mechanism of action of insulin receptors (IR). INS, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and IGF-2 share a common ancestor; INS and a single IGF occur in Agnathans, whereas INS and distinct IGF-1 and IGF-2s appear in Chondrichthyes. Some but not all teleost fish possess multiple INS genes, but it is not clear if they arose from a common gene duplication event or from multiple separate gene duplications. INS is produced by the endocrine pancreas of fish as well as by several other tissues, including brain, pituitary, gastrointestinal tract, and adipose tissue. INS regulates various aspects of feeding, growth, development, and intermediary metabolism in fish. The actions of INS are mediated through the insulin receptor (IR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. IRs are widely distributed in peripheral tissues of fish, and multiple IR subtypes that derive from distinct mRNAs have been described. The IRs of fish link to several cellular effector systems, including the ERK and IRS-PI3k-Akt pathways. The diverse effects of INS can be modulated by altering the production and release of INS as well as by adjusting the production/surface expression of IR. The diverse actions of INS in fish as well as the diverse nature of the neural, hormonal, and environmental factors known to affect the INS signaling system reflects the various life history patterns that have evolved to enable fish to occupy a wide range of aquatic habitats.
KW - Insulin evolution
KW - Insulin receptor
KW - Insulin receptor evolution
KW - Insulin signal transduction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79961127864&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.06.014
DO - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.06.014
M3 - Review article
C2 - 21726560
AN - SCOPUS:79961127864
SN - 0016-6480
VL - 173
SP - 227
EP - 247
JO - General and Comparative Endocrinology
JF - General and Comparative Endocrinology
IS - 2
ER -