Monitoring high-temperature solid-solid phase transitions of HMX with atomic force microscopy

Brandon L. Weeks; Chantel M. Ruddle; Joseph M. Zaug; Debra J. Cook

doi:10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00137-7

Monitoring high-temperature solid-solid phase transitions of HMX with atomic force microscopy

Brandon L. Weeks, Chantel M. Ruddle, Joseph M. Zaug, Debra J. Cook

Chemical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

36 Scopus citations

Abstract

Using high-temperature atomic force microscopy we have observed the solid-solid phase transition of octahydro-1,3,5,7,-tetrazocine (HMX) in real time. Massive surface reconstruction occurs during the first-order transition. The temperature induced increase in void space and surface roughness observed in the δ polymorph of HMX serve to increase the growth rate and volume of shock initiated hot spots and hence reaction sensitivity.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	19-23
Number of pages	5
Journal	Ultramicroscopy
Volume	93
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00137-7
State	Published - Oct 2002

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title = "Monitoring high-temperature solid-solid phase transitions of HMX with atomic force microscopy",

abstract = "Using high-temperature atomic force microscopy we have observed the solid-solid phase transition of octahydro-1,3,5,7,-tetrazocine (HMX) in real time. Massive surface reconstruction occurs during the first-order transition. The temperature induced increase in void space and surface roughness observed in the δ polymorph of HMX serve to increase the growth rate and volume of shock initiated hot spots and hence reaction sensitivity.",

author = "Weeks, {Brandon L.} and Ruddle, {Chantel M.} and Zaug, {Joseph M.} and Cook, {Debra J.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-Eng-48. The authors thank Phil Pagoria (LLNL) for providing β-HMX single crystals used in this study. ",

year = "2002",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00137-7",

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AU - Weeks, Brandon L.

AU - Ruddle, Chantel M.

AU - Zaug, Joseph M.

AU - Cook, Debra J.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-Eng-48. The authors thank Phil Pagoria (LLNL) for providing β-HMX single crystals used in this study.

PY - 2002/10

Y1 - 2002/10

N2 - Using high-temperature atomic force microscopy we have observed the solid-solid phase transition of octahydro-1,3,5,7,-tetrazocine (HMX) in real time. Massive surface reconstruction occurs during the first-order transition. The temperature induced increase in void space and surface roughness observed in the δ polymorph of HMX serve to increase the growth rate and volume of shock initiated hot spots and hence reaction sensitivity.

AB - Using high-temperature atomic force microscopy we have observed the solid-solid phase transition of octahydro-1,3,5,7,-tetrazocine (HMX) in real time. Massive surface reconstruction occurs during the first-order transition. The temperature induced increase in void space and surface roughness observed in the δ polymorph of HMX serve to increase the growth rate and volume of shock initiated hot spots and hence reaction sensitivity.

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U2 - 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00137-7

DO - 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00137-7

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AN - SCOPUS:0036803554

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VL - 93

SP - 19

EP - 23

JO - Ultramicroscopy

JF - Ultramicroscopy

IS - 1

ER -

Monitoring high-temperature solid-solid phase transitions of HMX with atomic force microscopy

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