Investigating preservice teachers’ understanding of balance concepts utilizing a clinical interview method and a virtual tool

Our study was enacted in university mathematics education classes in the USA with preservice teachers (PSTs). This research focused on PSTs’ interview responses that were used to assess their understanding of balance when challenged with tasks involving virtual manipulatives. Siegler’s rules were used in analyzing PSTs’ responses to balance tasks to help determine each PST’s level of abstraction achieved regarding balance, equilibrium, or equivalence. Specifically, the data were analyzed regarding 3 different aspects: (a) the PSTs’ understanding of balance, (b) what previous knowledge was exhibited by the PSTs throughout the enactment of the tasks, and (c) the mathematics utilized by the PSTs as they problemsolved with the virtual balance applet. The results showed PSTs relying on visual cues to implement procedures that were often inappropriate for the task at hand. When confronted with missing value balance tasks, 47 % of the PSTs attempted an incorrect procedure using direct propor