TY - JOUR
T1 - Innovations for Evaluation Research
T2 - Multiform Protocols, Visual Analog Scaling, and the Retrospective Pretest–Posttest Design
AU - Chang, Rong
AU - Little, Todd D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, © The Author(s) 2018.
PY - 2018/6/1
Y1 - 2018/6/1
N2 - In this article, we review three innovative methods: multiform protocols, visual analog scaling, and the retrospective pretest–posttest design that can be used in evaluation research. These three techniques have been proposed for decades, but unfortunately, they are still not utilized readily in evaluation research. Our goal is to familiarize researchers with these underutilized research techniques that could reduce personnel effort and costs for data collection while producing better inferences for a study. We begin by discussing their applications and special unique features. We then discuss each technique’s strengths and limitations and offer practical tips on how to better implement these methods in evaluation research. We then showcase two recent empirical studies that implement these methods in real-world evaluation research applications.
AB - In this article, we review three innovative methods: multiform protocols, visual analog scaling, and the retrospective pretest–posttest design that can be used in evaluation research. These three techniques have been proposed for decades, but unfortunately, they are still not utilized readily in evaluation research. Our goal is to familiarize researchers with these underutilized research techniques that could reduce personnel effort and costs for data collection while producing better inferences for a study. We begin by discussing their applications and special unique features. We then discuss each technique’s strengths and limitations and offer practical tips on how to better implement these methods in evaluation research. We then showcase two recent empirical studies that implement these methods in real-world evaluation research applications.
KW - evaluation research
KW - multiform planned missing design
KW - research methods
KW - retrospective pretest–posttest design
KW - visual analog scale
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042212022&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0163278718759396
DO - 10.1177/0163278718759396
M3 - Article
C2 - 29463120
AN - SCOPUS:85042212022
VL - 41
SP - 246
EP - 269
JO - Evaluation and the Health Professions
JF - Evaluation and the Health Professions
SN - 0163-2787
IS - 2
ER -