Abstract
Time of concentration (TTc) is one of the most used time parameters in hydrologic analyses. As topographic slope (So) approaches zero, traditional TTc estimation formulas predict large TTc. Based on numerical modeling and a review of relevant literature, a lower bound for slope (Slb) of 0.1% was identified as a threshold below which traditional TTc estimation formulas become unreliable and alternate methods should be considered. In this study, slopes less than Slb are defined as low slopes. Slopes equal to or exceeding Slb are defined as standard slopes where traditional TTc estimation formulas are appropriate. A field study was conducted on a concrete plot with a topographic slope of 0.25% to collect rainfall and runoffdata between April 2009 and March 2010 to support numerical modeling of overland flows on low-sloped planes. A quasi-two-dimensional dynamic wave model (Q2DWM) was developed for overland flow simulation and validated using published and observed data. The validated Q2DWM was used in a parametric study to generate TTc data for a range of slopes that were used to develop TTc regression formulas for standard slopes (So ≥ 0.1 %) and low slopes (So < 0.1%).
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 495-508 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Journal of Hydrologic Engineering |
Volume | 19 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2014 |
Keywords
- Low-sloped planes
- Model
- Overland flow
- Surface hydrology
- Time of concentration