TY - JOUR
T1 - Ideal types of leadership as patterns of affective meaning
T2 - A cross-cultural and over-time perspective
AU - Schneider, Andreas
AU - Schröder, Tobias
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Tobias Schröder’s work is supported by a fellowship from the German Research Council (SCHR 1282/1-1).
PY - 2012/9
Y1 - 2012/9
N2 - We propose that macro-level ideal types of leadership, as described in the classic work of Max Weber and reflected in the contemporary management literature, are mirrored in micro-level affective meanings. Within Osgood's three-dimensional affective space, we identify specific patterns corresponding to leadership styles: people evaluate authoritative/transactional leadership as positive, powerful, and neither passive nor active. Charismatic/transformational leadership is perceived as equally positive and powerful but involves a much higher degree of activity-arousal. Finally, coercive leadership is negative, powerful, and active. Based on Heise's cybernetic symbolic-interactionist affect control theory, we compare cultural representations of business managers in the United States and Germany at different points in time. We demonstrate a shift from transactional to charismatic leadership in the U.S. manager stereotype and a contrasting consolidation of coercive leadership expectations in Germany. We discuss implications for (1) cross-cultural communication and (2) affective meaning as indicator of social change.
AB - We propose that macro-level ideal types of leadership, as described in the classic work of Max Weber and reflected in the contemporary management literature, are mirrored in micro-level affective meanings. Within Osgood's three-dimensional affective space, we identify specific patterns corresponding to leadership styles: people evaluate authoritative/transactional leadership as positive, powerful, and neither passive nor active. Charismatic/transformational leadership is perceived as equally positive and powerful but involves a much higher degree of activity-arousal. Finally, coercive leadership is negative, powerful, and active. Based on Heise's cybernetic symbolic-interactionist affect control theory, we compare cultural representations of business managers in the United States and Germany at different points in time. We demonstrate a shift from transactional to charismatic leadership in the U.S. manager stereotype and a contrasting consolidation of coercive leadership expectations in Germany. We discuss implications for (1) cross-cultural communication and (2) affective meaning as indicator of social change.
KW - Affect control theory
KW - Computer simulation
KW - Cross-cultural
KW - Ideal types
KW - Leadership
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84875674928&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0190272512446755
DO - 10.1177/0190272512446755
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84875674928
SN - 0190-2725
VL - 75
SP - 268
EP - 287
JO - Social Psychology Quarterly
JF - Social Psychology Quarterly
IS - 3
ER -