@inproceedings{b785cd6bea0d479b8af134a817de237e,
title = "Human facial soft tissue thickness and mechanical properties-a literature review",
abstract = "The finite element method (FEM) has been used in human facial modeling both in clinical and engineering fields for decades. Applications of human head modeling include the interaction of personal protective equipment with the human head and modeling head impact. In human head modeling, it is critical to have a high fidelity model including accurate thicknesses of each layer and accurate material properties. Various experiments have been performed but do not report consistent results; therefore, it is difficult to find reliable parameter values to create an effective model of the human head. This paper attempts to review and summarize the state of the art of human facial studies including experimental measurements of different layer thicknesses and the mechanical properties of these layers.",
keywords = "Facial soft tissue, Finite element method, Human head modeling, Material properties",
author = "Ming Xu and James Yang",
note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2015 by ASME.; ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, IDETC/CIE 2015 ; Conference date: 02-08-2015 Through 05-08-2015",
year = "2015",
doi = "10.1115/DETC2015-46363",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference",
publisher = "American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)",
booktitle = "35th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference",
}