Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in male American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and preliminary evaluation of the response to TNT

Norka E. Paden; James A. Carr; Ronald J. Kendall; Mike Wages; Ernest E. Smith

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.03.049

Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in male American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and preliminary evaluation of the response to TNT

Norka E. Paden, James A. Carr, Ronald J. Kendall, Mike Wages, Ernest E. Smith

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

We examined the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein mRNA in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Primers and probes were designed to obtain a partial sequence of bullfrog StAR cDNA consisting of 349 base pairs. Quantitative PCR analysis of StAR mRNA equivalents was performed in tissues of juvenile and adult bullfrogs. In this study 18S mRNA was used as an internal standard. There were no differences in the expression of 18S RNA among tissues or between age groups. In juvenile males, the rank order for the constitutive levels of StAR was testes > skin > brain > kidneys. In adult males, StAR mRNA equivalent was greatest in testes, followed by kidneys, brain, and skin. In addition, stimulation and induction of testicular StAR by human chorionic gonadotropin significantly increased expression of StAR at 2, 4, and 6. h after injection. Preliminary evaluation of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) revealed that acute exposure is associated with reduction of StAR mRNA expression. The information provided in this study will be useful for future research on StAR gene expression in amphibian reproductive biology and the development of reproductive biomarkers.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	41-45
Number of pages	5
Journal	Chemosphere
Volume	80
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.03.049
State	Published - Jun 2010

Keywords

Bullfrog
HCG and TNT
Rana castesbeiana
Reproduction
Star protein
Steroidogenesis

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10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.03.049

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title = "Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in male American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and preliminary evaluation of the response to TNT",

abstract = "We examined the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein mRNA in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Primers and probes were designed to obtain a partial sequence of bullfrog StAR cDNA consisting of 349 base pairs. Quantitative PCR analysis of StAR mRNA equivalents was performed in tissues of juvenile and adult bullfrogs. In this study 18S mRNA was used as an internal standard. There were no differences in the expression of 18S RNA among tissues or between age groups. In juvenile males, the rank order for the constitutive levels of StAR was testes > skin > brain > kidneys. In adult males, StAR mRNA equivalent was greatest in testes, followed by kidneys, brain, and skin. In addition, stimulation and induction of testicular StAR by human chorionic gonadotropin significantly increased expression of StAR at 2, 4, and 6. h after injection. Preliminary evaluation of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) revealed that acute exposure is associated with reduction of StAR mRNA expression. The information provided in this study will be useful for future research on StAR gene expression in amphibian reproductive biology and the development of reproductive biomarkers.",

keywords = "Bullfrog, HCG and TNT, Rana castesbeiana, Reproduction, Star protein, Steroidogenesis",

author = "Paden, {Norka E.} and Carr, {James A.} and Kendall, {Ronald J.} and Mike Wages and Smith, {Ernest E.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors greatly appreciate the collaboration of Dr. Stocco{\textquoteright}s Laboratory Members at the Texas Tech University Health Science Center, particularly Dr. Pulak Manna and Matthew Dyson for providing input with the StAR gene expression analysis. This research was financially supported by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project T06-49. ",

year = "2010",

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AU - Paden, Norka E.

AU - Carr, James A.

AU - Kendall, Ronald J.

AU - Wages, Mike

AU - Smith, Ernest E.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors greatly appreciate the collaboration of Dr. Stocco’s Laboratory Members at the Texas Tech University Health Science Center, particularly Dr. Pulak Manna and Matthew Dyson for providing input with the StAR gene expression analysis. This research was financially supported by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project T06-49.

PY - 2010/6

Y1 - 2010/6

N2 - We examined the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein mRNA in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Primers and probes were designed to obtain a partial sequence of bullfrog StAR cDNA consisting of 349 base pairs. Quantitative PCR analysis of StAR mRNA equivalents was performed in tissues of juvenile and adult bullfrogs. In this study 18S mRNA was used as an internal standard. There were no differences in the expression of 18S RNA among tissues or between age groups. In juvenile males, the rank order for the constitutive levels of StAR was testes > skin > brain > kidneys. In adult males, StAR mRNA equivalent was greatest in testes, followed by kidneys, brain, and skin. In addition, stimulation and induction of testicular StAR by human chorionic gonadotropin significantly increased expression of StAR at 2, 4, and 6. h after injection. Preliminary evaluation of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) revealed that acute exposure is associated with reduction of StAR mRNA expression. The information provided in this study will be useful for future research on StAR gene expression in amphibian reproductive biology and the development of reproductive biomarkers.

AB - We examined the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein mRNA in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Primers and probes were designed to obtain a partial sequence of bullfrog StAR cDNA consisting of 349 base pairs. Quantitative PCR analysis of StAR mRNA equivalents was performed in tissues of juvenile and adult bullfrogs. In this study 18S mRNA was used as an internal standard. There were no differences in the expression of 18S RNA among tissues or between age groups. In juvenile males, the rank order for the constitutive levels of StAR was testes > skin > brain > kidneys. In adult males, StAR mRNA equivalent was greatest in testes, followed by kidneys, brain, and skin. In addition, stimulation and induction of testicular StAR by human chorionic gonadotropin significantly increased expression of StAR at 2, 4, and 6. h after injection. Preliminary evaluation of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) revealed that acute exposure is associated with reduction of StAR mRNA expression. The information provided in this study will be useful for future research on StAR gene expression in amphibian reproductive biology and the development of reproductive biomarkers.

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KW - HCG and TNT

KW - Rana castesbeiana

KW - Reproduction

KW - Star protein

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Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in male American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and preliminary evaluation of the response to TNT

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