Energy infrastructure security: Challenges and directions for the 21st century

The global energy infrastructure is a complex system-of-systems comprised of micro-grids, grids, storage, transmission, distribution, and cyber physical infrastructure. This chapter provides a discussion on the span of possible collaborations relating to sustainability and resiliency of energy infrastructure of emerging smart cities with a focus on enduring energy supplies. Modern cities are served by energy networks, especially electrical grids, which are large, interconnected means for moving energy over wide geographic area. The National Grid in India is a major advance in the continuity of services across the country. The growth of the National Grid has resulted in reliable access for rural communities to critical infrastructure, economic growth and stability, and improved services, especially health care. The process of vulnerability assessment is complex and requires iterative validation to be meaningful and relevant. Vulnerabilities are a composite of threats, opportunities, access, and motivation.