Electron Emission from Metal Emitters Subject to a High Intensity Laser in the Presence of DC Electric Fields

Electron emission driven by both a strong DC applied bias and a superimposed laser field is examined through numerical simulations. Heating<br>at the electrode surface that creates a dynamic, nonequilibrium electron distribution is included based on appropriate rate-equation analyses<br>for energy balance. Much higher emission currents are predicted that follow the AC oscillations over the femtosecond range. The hot carrier<br>population are predicted to persist much longer to yield a more gradual decay in the emission current beyond laser termination. The<br>numerical results are also extended to an emitter array, given the interest in such configurations for obtaining high output coherent currents.<br>The capability can subsequently be extended to assess the coherence and emittance of the electron source based on Monte Carlo transport<br>techniques.