TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of the proportion of solubles in wet distillers grains plus solubles on in vitro fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production
AU - Quinn, M. J.
AU - May, M. L.
AU - DiLorenzo, N.
AU - Smith, D. R.
AU - Ponce, C. H.
AU - Galyean, M. L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This experiment was supported by a contract with Texas AgriLife Research, College Station, Texas, and by the Jessie W. Thornton Chair in Animal Science Endowment and Paul Whitfield Horn Professorship funds at Texas Tech University (Lubbock). We thank Allflex USA (DFW Airport, TX), DSM Nutritional Products (Parsippany, NJ), Elanco Animal Health (Indianapolis, IN), Fort Dodge Animal Health (Overland Park, KS), Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health (De Soto, KS), and Kemin Industries (Des Moines, IA) for supplying various products used to support the experiment. The authors also thank K. Robinson and R. Rocha (both at Texas Tech University Burnett Center for Beef Cattle Research and Instruction, New Deal) for technical support in animal care and feeding. The kind assistance of C. Schulte, Quality Distillers Grains, Hereford, Texas, in providing the distillers grains and solubles used in the experiment was particularly important.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2011 American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists.
PY - 2011/6/1
Y1 - 2011/6/1
N2 - Effects of substrates containing different proportions of distillers solubles (DS) to distillers grain (DG) on IVDMD, H2S production, gas production kinetics, VFA proportions, and culture fluid osmolality were evaluated in a randomized block design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatment substrates consisted of 15 or 30% DG with DS added within each DG concentration to yield proportions of DG:DS of 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50; the steam-flaked corn-based control treatment contained no DG. Two ruminally cannulated Jersey crossbred steers (BW = 590 kg) fed a 60% concentrate, steam-flaked corn-based diet were used as ruminal fluid donors. Duplicate cultures were incubated for 24 h to measure IVDMD and 48 h for gas production kinetics, with incubations replicated on separate days. No differences were observed among treatments for IVDMD (P > 0.15), but H2S production was increased (P < 0.01) by 39 and 73% for 15 and 30% DG, respectively, relative to the control. Moreover, H2S production increased linearly as the proportion of DS increased (P < 0.01). Osmolality was greater for the control (P < 0.001) than for other treatments, decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing DG concentration, increased linearly (P < 0.001) with increased DS in substrates, and increased over time (P < 0.001). Fractional rate of gas production (h-1) was less (P = 0.01) for 30 versus 15% DG, and lag time of gas production decreased as DS increased in substrates (linear, P = 0.02). Molar proportion of acetate was least (P = 0.02), propionate was greatest (P < 0.01), and acetate:propionate ratio was least (P = 0.02) for the control versus other treatments. In general, including DG in substrates and increasing proportions of DS increased H2S production, reflecting increased S concentrations. For both 15 and 30% DG, substrates with greater proportions of DS had increased total gas production and culture fluid osmolality.
AB - Effects of substrates containing different proportions of distillers solubles (DS) to distillers grain (DG) on IVDMD, H2S production, gas production kinetics, VFA proportions, and culture fluid osmolality were evaluated in a randomized block design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatment substrates consisted of 15 or 30% DG with DS added within each DG concentration to yield proportions of DG:DS of 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50; the steam-flaked corn-based control treatment contained no DG. Two ruminally cannulated Jersey crossbred steers (BW = 590 kg) fed a 60% concentrate, steam-flaked corn-based diet were used as ruminal fluid donors. Duplicate cultures were incubated for 24 h to measure IVDMD and 48 h for gas production kinetics, with incubations replicated on separate days. No differences were observed among treatments for IVDMD (P > 0.15), but H2S production was increased (P < 0.01) by 39 and 73% for 15 and 30% DG, respectively, relative to the control. Moreover, H2S production increased linearly as the proportion of DS increased (P < 0.01). Osmolality was greater for the control (P < 0.001) than for other treatments, decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing DG concentration, increased linearly (P < 0.001) with increased DS in substrates, and increased over time (P < 0.001). Fractional rate of gas production (h-1) was less (P = 0.01) for 30 versus 15% DG, and lag time of gas production decreased as DS increased in substrates (linear, P = 0.02). Molar proportion of acetate was least (P = 0.02), propionate was greatest (P < 0.01), and acetate:propionate ratio was least (P = 0.02) for the control versus other treatments. In general, including DG in substrates and increasing proportions of DS increased H2S production, reflecting increased S concentrations. For both 15 and 30% DG, substrates with greater proportions of DS had increased total gas production and culture fluid osmolality.
KW - Distillers grains
KW - Distillers solubles
KW - In vitro dry matter disappearance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84957807002&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30479-4
DO - 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30479-4
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84957807002
VL - 27
SP - 235
EP - 243
JO - Professional Animal Scientist
JF - Professional Animal Scientist
SN - 1080-7446
IS - 3
ER -