TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) exposure on reproduction and hatchling development in northern bobwhite quail
AU - Brunjes, Kristina J.
AU - Severt, Scott A.
AU - Liu, Jun
AU - Pan, Xiaoping
AU - Brausch, John
AU - Cox, Stephen A.
AU - Cobb, George P.
AU - McMurry, Scott T.
AU - Kendall, Ronald J.
AU - Smith, Philip N.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge faculty and staff at The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, for their contributions to this work. This study was funded by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under contract CU-1235.
PY - 2007/1
Y1 - 2007/1
N2 - Adult Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were exposed via food to octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), an energetic compound found in soils at military training installations. Depuration of HMX into eggs was examined in an initial study, and effects on egg production, hatching, growth, development, and survival of chicks were examined in a follow-up study. HMX was readily and rapidly transferred from female quail into eggs. Marked weight loss was observed in quail exposed to 125 and 250 mg/kg HMX in food, likely due to reductions in food intake rather than a toxic mechanism. In the second study, significant alterations in body mass occurred among quail at concentrations >52.5 ± 9.3 mg/kg but not at 12.3 ± 1.1 mg/kg in food. Treatment-related reductions in food consumption and decreases in egg laying rates were observed. No HMX-related effects were found in chick growth or survival. Quail inhabiting HMX-contaminated sites could possibly be exposed to HMX and therefore deposition of HMX into eggs is also possible. However, results of these studies further suggest that the potential for reproductive toxicity of HMX to birds is low.
AB - Adult Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were exposed via food to octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), an energetic compound found in soils at military training installations. Depuration of HMX into eggs was examined in an initial study, and effects on egg production, hatching, growth, development, and survival of chicks were examined in a follow-up study. HMX was readily and rapidly transferred from female quail into eggs. Marked weight loss was observed in quail exposed to 125 and 250 mg/kg HMX in food, likely due to reductions in food intake rather than a toxic mechanism. In the second study, significant alterations in body mass occurred among quail at concentrations >52.5 ± 9.3 mg/kg but not at 12.3 ± 1.1 mg/kg in food. Treatment-related reductions in food consumption and decreases in egg laying rates were observed. No HMX-related effects were found in chick growth or survival. Quail inhabiting HMX-contaminated sites could possibly be exposed to HMX and therefore deposition of HMX into eggs is also possible. However, results of these studies further suggest that the potential for reproductive toxicity of HMX to birds is low.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33847419633&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/15287390600974684
DO - 10.1080/15287390600974684
M3 - Article
C2 - 17365622
AN - SCOPUS:33847419633
SN - 1528-7394
VL - 70
SP - 682
EP - 687
JO - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues
JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues
IS - 8
ER -