TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of two major N-nitroso hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) metabolites on earthworm reproductive success
AU - Zhang, Baohong
AU - Cox, Stephen B.
AU - McMurry, Scott T.
AU - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU - Cobb, George P.
AU - Anderson, Todd A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Defense contract CU1141, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under a Cooperative Agreement IERA-99-001 with the USAF, Institute of Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health, Brooks AFB, TX. Xiaoping Pan provided help on analysis of MNX and TNX in soil samples.
PY - 2008/6
Y1 - 2008/6
N2 - Soil and topical tests were employed to investigate the effect of two N-nitroso metabolites of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) on earthworm reproduction. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for cocoon production and hatching was 50 mg/kg for both hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) in soil. MNX and TNX also significantly affected cocoon hatching in soil (p < 0.001) and in topical tests (p = 0.001). The LOECs for cocoon hatching were 1 and 10 mg/kg for MNX and TNX in soil, respectively, and 10 mg/L in the topical test. Greater than 100 mg/kg MNX and TNX completely inhibited cocoon hatching. In soil, the EC20 values for MNX were 8.7 and 8.8 mg/kg for cocoon and juvenile production, respectively, compared to 9.2 and 9.1 mg/kg for TNX, respectively. The EC20 values for the total number of cocoon hatchlings were 3.1 and 4.7 mg/kg for MNX and TNX, respectively, in soil and 4.5 and 3.1 mg/L in the topical test. Both MNX and TNX inhibited cocoon production and hatching, suggesting that they may have a negative affect on soil ecosystems at contaminated sites.
AB - Soil and topical tests were employed to investigate the effect of two N-nitroso metabolites of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) on earthworm reproduction. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for cocoon production and hatching was 50 mg/kg for both hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) in soil. MNX and TNX also significantly affected cocoon hatching in soil (p < 0.001) and in topical tests (p = 0.001). The LOECs for cocoon hatching were 1 and 10 mg/kg for MNX and TNX in soil, respectively, and 10 mg/L in the topical test. Greater than 100 mg/kg MNX and TNX completely inhibited cocoon hatching. In soil, the EC20 values for MNX were 8.7 and 8.8 mg/kg for cocoon and juvenile production, respectively, compared to 9.2 and 9.1 mg/kg for TNX, respectively. The EC20 values for the total number of cocoon hatchlings were 3.1 and 4.7 mg/kg for MNX and TNX, respectively, in soil and 4.5 and 3.1 mg/L in the topical test. Both MNX and TNX inhibited cocoon production and hatching, suggesting that they may have a negative affect on soil ecosystems at contaminated sites.
KW - Earthworm
KW - Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine
KW - MNX
KW - N-nitroso compounds
KW - RDX
KW - Reproduction
KW - TNX
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=43549088308&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.08.033
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.08.033
M3 - Article
C2 - 17945405
AN - SCOPUS:43549088308
VL - 153
SP - 658
EP - 667
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
SN - 0269-7491
IS - 3
ER -