TY - JOUR
T1 - Degradation kinetics of perchlorate in sediments and soils
AU - Tan, Kui
AU - Anderson, Todd A.
AU - Jackson, W. Andrew
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2004/1
Y1 - 2004/1
N2 - This study investigated the intrinsic perchlorate (ClO4-) degradation kinetics of sediments and soils from multiple sites in microcosm studies, including the influence of varying nitrate concentration (NO3--N from 1 to 22.8 ppm) and up to 300 ppm sulfate. The first-order degradation rates and lag times of both ClO4- and NO3- degradation were site-specific and dependent on environmental conditions such as organic substrate availability, nitrate, initial ClO4- concentration, and prior ClO4- exposure. At an initial ClO4- concentration of 5 ppm, ClO4- degradation rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.46 day-1, and lag times of ClO4- degradation ranged from 0 to 60.0 days; while NO3- degradation occurred at rates ranging from 0.03 to 1.42 day-1, with lag times ranging from 0 to 29.7 days. Under the same treatment conditions, NO3- degradation rates were relatively higher than that of ClO4-. Perchlorate degradation rates remained constant at both lower (0.5 ppm) and higher (5 ppm) ClO4- concentrations. Generally, ClO4- rates were affected by the availability of organic substrate, which was represented here by Total Volatile Solids (TVS) of sediments and soils, and not by NO3-. Nitrate did increase the lag time of ClO4- degradation, which may account for the persistence of ClO4- in the environment, especially when ClO4- is typically ppb levels in the environment compared to ppm levels of NO3-. This study showed rapid intrinsic ClO4- degradation in sediments and soils of contaminated sites, and highlighted the potential for natural attenuation of ClO4- in the environment.
AB - This study investigated the intrinsic perchlorate (ClO4-) degradation kinetics of sediments and soils from multiple sites in microcosm studies, including the influence of varying nitrate concentration (NO3--N from 1 to 22.8 ppm) and up to 300 ppm sulfate. The first-order degradation rates and lag times of both ClO4- and NO3- degradation were site-specific and dependent on environmental conditions such as organic substrate availability, nitrate, initial ClO4- concentration, and prior ClO4- exposure. At an initial ClO4- concentration of 5 ppm, ClO4- degradation rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.46 day-1, and lag times of ClO4- degradation ranged from 0 to 60.0 days; while NO3- degradation occurred at rates ranging from 0.03 to 1.42 day-1, with lag times ranging from 0 to 29.7 days. Under the same treatment conditions, NO3- degradation rates were relatively higher than that of ClO4-. Perchlorate degradation rates remained constant at both lower (0.5 ppm) and higher (5 ppm) ClO4- concentrations. Generally, ClO4- rates were affected by the availability of organic substrate, which was represented here by Total Volatile Solids (TVS) of sediments and soils, and not by NO3-. Nitrate did increase the lag time of ClO4- degradation, which may account for the persistence of ClO4- in the environment, especially when ClO4- is typically ppb levels in the environment compared to ppm levels of NO3-. This study showed rapid intrinsic ClO4- degradation in sediments and soils of contaminated sites, and highlighted the potential for natural attenuation of ClO4- in the environment.
KW - Degradation
KW - Kinetics
KW - Nitrate
KW - Perchlorate
KW - Sediment
KW - Soil
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0842303588&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1023/B:WATE.0000009904.23410.89
DO - 10.1023/B:WATE.0000009904.23410.89
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0842303588
VL - 151
SP - 245
EP - 259
JO - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
JF - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
SN - 0049-6979
IS - 1-4
ER -