TY - JOUR
T1 - COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
T2 - Disadvantaged Groups’ Experience with Perceived Barriers, Cues to Action, and Attitudes
AU - Coman, Ioana A.
AU - Xu, Shan
AU - Yamamoto, Masahiro
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - Purpose: Drawing from the Health Belief Model, we explored how disadvantaged groups in the U.S., including Black, Hispanic, less educated and wealthy individuals, experienced perceived barriers and cues to action in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination. Design: A cross-sectional survey administered in March 2021. Setting: USA Subjects: A national sample of U.S. residents (n = 795) recruited from Prolific. Measures: Perceived barriers (clinical, access, trust, religion/spiritual), cues to action (authorities, social circles), attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Analysis: Factor analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were performed in STATA 16. Results: Black and less educated individuals experienced higher clinical barriers (CI [.012,.33]; CI [.027,.10]), trust barriers (CI [.49,.92]; CI [.057,.16]), and religious/spiritual barriers (CI [.28,.66]; CI [.026,.11]). Hispanics experienced lower levels of clinical barriers (CI [-.42,.0001]). Clinical, trust, and religious/spiritual barriers were negatively related to attitudes toward vaccination (CI [-.45, −.15]; CI [-.79, −.51]; CI [-.43, −.13]). Black and less educated individuals experienced fewer cues to action by authority (CI [-.47, −.083]; CI [-.093, −.002]) and social ties (CI [-.75, −.33]; CI [-.18, −.080]). Lower-income individuals experienced fewer cues to action by social ties (CI [-.097, −.032]). Cues from social ties were positively associated with vaccination attitudes (CI [.065,.26]). Conclusion: Communication should be personalized to address perceived barriers disadvantaged groups differentially experience and use sources who exert influences on these groups.
AB - Purpose: Drawing from the Health Belief Model, we explored how disadvantaged groups in the U.S., including Black, Hispanic, less educated and wealthy individuals, experienced perceived barriers and cues to action in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination. Design: A cross-sectional survey administered in March 2021. Setting: USA Subjects: A national sample of U.S. residents (n = 795) recruited from Prolific. Measures: Perceived barriers (clinical, access, trust, religion/spiritual), cues to action (authorities, social circles), attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Analysis: Factor analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were performed in STATA 16. Results: Black and less educated individuals experienced higher clinical barriers (CI [.012,.33]; CI [.027,.10]), trust barriers (CI [.49,.92]; CI [.057,.16]), and religious/spiritual barriers (CI [.28,.66]; CI [.026,.11]). Hispanics experienced lower levels of clinical barriers (CI [-.42,.0001]). Clinical, trust, and religious/spiritual barriers were negatively related to attitudes toward vaccination (CI [-.45, −.15]; CI [-.79, −.51]; CI [-.43, −.13]). Black and less educated individuals experienced fewer cues to action by authority (CI [-.47, −.083]; CI [-.093, −.002]) and social ties (CI [-.75, −.33]; CI [-.18, −.080]). Lower-income individuals experienced fewer cues to action by social ties (CI [-.097, −.032]). Cues from social ties were positively associated with vaccination attitudes (CI [.065,.26]). Conclusion: Communication should be personalized to address perceived barriers disadvantaged groups differentially experience and use sources who exert influences on these groups.
KW - COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy
KW - HBM
KW - barriers
KW - cues to action
KW - disadvantaged groups
KW - health disparities
KW - underserved populations
KW - vaccine promotion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141015042&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/08901171221136113
DO - 10.1177/08901171221136113
M3 - Article
C2 - 36306535
AN - SCOPUS:85141015042
SN - 0890-1171
VL - 37
SP - 488
EP - 498
JO - American Journal of Health Promotion
JF - American Journal of Health Promotion
IS - 4
ER -