TY - JOUR
T1 - Contactless Monitoring of Heart Rate Variability during Respiratory Maneuvers
AU - Shoushan, Monay Mokhtar
AU - Reyes, Bersain A.
AU - Rodriguez, Aldo Rodrigo Mejia
AU - Chong, Jo Woon
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2001-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2022/7/15
Y1 - 2022/7/15
N2 - Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive marker for the cardiovascular system and the substantial influence of this system on the autonomous nervous system (ANS). Contact and remote photoplethysmography (PPG) proved to be a reliable means of pulse rate variability (PRV) measurement as in wearable devices or imaging PPG using video cameras with evolved technical specifications. However, PRV effectiveness remains unclear during controlled breathing rate. Specifically, respiratory rate, among other physiological factors, applies profound effects on ANS balance. In this study, we demonstrated that PRV can be a reliable marker, as HRV, during various controlled breathing rates. We evaluated the proposed PRV monitoring study against reference HRV obtained from an ECG measurement device. PRV was measured from video streams captured using a smartphone and a webcam for the upper abdominal section of healthy volunteers while in standing position and performing six different respiratory maneuvers. We evaluated frequency and nonlinear HRV indices. Agreement between all indices was tested for camera-based devices and ground truth for all performed tasks. The agreement presented a consistent mean close to 95% limit of agreement (LoA). Also, we employed spectral analysis and measured the spectral divergences, normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), and correlation. Kullback-Leibler Divergence median and percentiles results indicate congruent spectrums, where the maximum median was 0.18. A significant spectral correlation with minimum value of 0.98, and relatively low spectrum NRMSE of 0.24 were observed. Moreover, the results led to HRV physiological related phenomena which agreed with physiologically interpretations found in the literature.
AB - Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive marker for the cardiovascular system and the substantial influence of this system on the autonomous nervous system (ANS). Contact and remote photoplethysmography (PPG) proved to be a reliable means of pulse rate variability (PRV) measurement as in wearable devices or imaging PPG using video cameras with evolved technical specifications. However, PRV effectiveness remains unclear during controlled breathing rate. Specifically, respiratory rate, among other physiological factors, applies profound effects on ANS balance. In this study, we demonstrated that PRV can be a reliable marker, as HRV, during various controlled breathing rates. We evaluated the proposed PRV monitoring study against reference HRV obtained from an ECG measurement device. PRV was measured from video streams captured using a smartphone and a webcam for the upper abdominal section of healthy volunteers while in standing position and performing six different respiratory maneuvers. We evaluated frequency and nonlinear HRV indices. Agreement between all indices was tested for camera-based devices and ground truth for all performed tasks. The agreement presented a consistent mean close to 95% limit of agreement (LoA). Also, we employed spectral analysis and measured the spectral divergences, normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), and correlation. Kullback-Leibler Divergence median and percentiles results indicate congruent spectrums, where the maximum median was 0.18. A significant spectral correlation with minimum value of 0.98, and relatively low spectrum NRMSE of 0.24 were observed. Moreover, the results led to HRV physiological related phenomena which agreed with physiologically interpretations found in the literature.
KW - Heart rate variability
KW - autonomic nervous system
KW - breathing rate
KW - optic sensors
KW - remote
KW - smartphone
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132540511&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3174779
DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3174779
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85132540511
SN - 1530-437X
VL - 22
SP - 14563
EP - 14573
JO - IEEE Sensors Journal
JF - IEEE Sensors Journal
IS - 14
ER -