TY - JOUR
T1 - Combined Effects of Plant Cultivation and Sorbing Carbon Amendments on Freely Dissolved PAHs in Contaminated Soil
AU - Oleszczuk, Patryk
AU - Rakowska, Magdalena
AU - Bucheli, Thomas D.
AU - Godlewska, Paulina
AU - Reible, Danny D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2019/5/7
Y1 - 2019/5/7
N2 - We report freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of PAHs in soils amended with 2.5% biochar and activated carbon (AC) during a long-term (18-months) field experiment. The study evaluates also the impact of different plants (clover, grass, willow) on Cfree PAHs. The cumulative effect of treatments on nitrogen and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium is also assessed. The direct addition of biochar to soil did not cause any immediate reduction of the sum of 16 Cfree PAHs, while AC resulted in a slight reduction of 5- and 6 ring compounds. The efficiency of binding of Cfree PAHs by biochar and AC increased with time. For biochar, the maximum reduction of 4-6-ring PAHs (18-67%) was achieved within 6 months. For 2- and 3-ring PAHs, a gradual decrease of Cfree was observed which reached 60-66% at 18 months. AC proved to be better in reducing Cfree PAHs than biochar, though for 2- and 3-ring PAHs, the differences in AC and biochar performances were smaller than those for 4-6-ring PAHs. After 18 months, a significantly lower content of Cfree PAHs was observed in the soil with plants compared to the unplanted soil. Except for potassium, AC or biochar did not negatively impact nutrient availability.
AB - We report freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of PAHs in soils amended with 2.5% biochar and activated carbon (AC) during a long-term (18-months) field experiment. The study evaluates also the impact of different plants (clover, grass, willow) on Cfree PAHs. The cumulative effect of treatments on nitrogen and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium is also assessed. The direct addition of biochar to soil did not cause any immediate reduction of the sum of 16 Cfree PAHs, while AC resulted in a slight reduction of 5- and 6 ring compounds. The efficiency of binding of Cfree PAHs by biochar and AC increased with time. For biochar, the maximum reduction of 4-6-ring PAHs (18-67%) was achieved within 6 months. For 2- and 3-ring PAHs, a gradual decrease of Cfree was observed which reached 60-66% at 18 months. AC proved to be better in reducing Cfree PAHs than biochar, though for 2- and 3-ring PAHs, the differences in AC and biochar performances were smaller than those for 4-6-ring PAHs. After 18 months, a significantly lower content of Cfree PAHs was observed in the soil with plants compared to the unplanted soil. Except for potassium, AC or biochar did not negatively impact nutrient availability.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065584694&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.8b06265
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.8b06265
M3 - Article
C2 - 30920807
AN - SCOPUS:85065584694
VL - 53
SP - 4860
EP - 4868
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
SN - 0013-936X
IS - 9
ER -