Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin

Neil C. Sturchio; Marc Caffee; Abelardo D. Beloso; Linnea J. Heraty; John Karl Böhlke; Paul B. Hatzinger; W. Andrew Jackson; Baohua Gu; Jeffrey M. Heikoop; Michael Dale

doi:10.1021/es9012195

Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin

Neil C. Sturchio, Marc Caffee, Abelardo D. Beloso, Linnea J. Heraty, John Karl Böhlke, Paul B. Hatzinger, W. Andrew Jackson, Baohua Gu, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Michael Dale

Civil Environ Construct Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

53 Scopus citations

Abstract

Perchlorate (ClO₄^-) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO₄^-, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO₄ ^- into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO₄^- sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of ³⁶Cl measurements for further improving the discrimination of ClO₄^- sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO₄^- having high ³⁶Cl abundances (³⁶Cl/Cl = 3100 × 10^-15 to 28,800 × 10 ^-15), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (³⁶Cl/Cl = 0.9 × 10^-15 to 590 × 10^-15) and synthetic ClO₄^- reagents and products (³⁶Cl/Cl = 0.0 × 10^-15 to 40 × 10¹⁵). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, ³⁶Cl data provide a clear distinction among three principal. ClO₄^- source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	6934-6938
Number of pages	5
Journal	Environmental Science and Technology
Volume	43
Issue number	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/es9012195
State	Published - Sep 15 2009

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title = "Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin",

abstract = "Perchlorate (ClO4-) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO4-, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO4 - into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO4- sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of 36Cl measurements for further improving the discrimination of ClO4- sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO4- having high 36Cl abundances (36Cl/Cl = 3100 × 10-15 to 28,800 × 10 -15), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (36Cl/Cl = 0.9 × 10-15 to 590 × 10-15) and synthetic ClO4- reagents and products (36Cl/Cl = 0.0 × 10-15 to 40 × 1015). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, 36Cl data provide a clear distinction among three principal. ClO4- source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S.",

author = "Sturchio, {Neil C.} and Marc Caffee and Beloso, {Abelardo D.} and Heraty, {Linnea J.} and B{\"o}hlke, {John Karl} and Hatzinger, {Paul B.} and Jackson, {W. Andrew} and Baohua Gu and Heikoop, {Jeffrey M.} and Michael Dale",

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AU - Sturchio, Neil C.

AU - Caffee, Marc

AU - Beloso, Abelardo D.

AU - Heraty, Linnea J.

AU - Böhlke, John Karl

AU - Hatzinger, Paul B.

AU - Jackson, W. Andrew

AU - Gu, Baohua

AU - Heikoop, Jeffrey M.

AU - Dale, Michael

PY - 2009/9/15

Y1 - 2009/9/15

N2 - Perchlorate (ClO4-) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO4-, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO4 - into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO4- sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of 36Cl measurements for further improving the discrimination of ClO4- sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO4- having high 36Cl abundances (36Cl/Cl = 3100 × 10-15 to 28,800 × 10 -15), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (36Cl/Cl = 0.9 × 10-15 to 590 × 10-15) and synthetic ClO4- reagents and products (36Cl/Cl = 0.0 × 10-15 to 40 × 1015). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, 36Cl data provide a clear distinction among three principal. ClO4- source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S.

AB - Perchlorate (ClO4-) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO4-, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO4 - into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO4- sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of 36Cl measurements for further improving the discrimination of ClO4- sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO4- having high 36Cl abundances (36Cl/Cl = 3100 × 10-15 to 28,800 × 10 -15), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (36Cl/Cl = 0.9 × 10-15 to 590 × 10-15) and synthetic ClO4- reagents and products (36Cl/Cl = 0.0 × 10-15 to 40 × 1015). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, 36Cl data provide a clear distinction among three principal. ClO4- source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S.

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Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin

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