TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemoselectivity in the Reactions of Acetylketene and Acetimidoylketene
T2 - Confirmation of Theoretical Predictions
AU - Birney, David M.
AU - Xu, Xiaolian
AU - Ham, Sihyun
AU - Huang, Xiaomeng
PY - 1997
Y1 - 1997
N2 - Acetylketene (1) was generated by flash pyrolysis of 2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (6). The selectivities of 1 toward a number of representative functional groups were measured for the first time in a series of competitive trapping reactions. The trend in reactivities toward 1 follows the general order amines > alcohols » aldehydes ≈ ketones and can be rationalized by considering both the nucleophilicity and the electrophilicity of the reacting species. Alcohols show significant selectivity based on steric hindrance, with MeOH ≈ 1° > 2° > 3°. These selectivities are consistent with the activation energies and the pseudopericyclic transition structure previously calculated for the addition of water to formylketene. The results, presented here, of ab initio transition structure calculations for the addition of ammonia to formylketene are qualitatively consistent with the experimental trends as well. N-Propylacetacetimidoylketene (2) was generated by the solution pyrolysis of tert-butyl N-propyl-3-amino-2-butenoate (9a) and showed similar selectivity toward alcohols as opposed to ketones and similar steric discrimination toward alcohols. This is again in agreement with previous ab initio calculations. Taken together, these experimental trends in the reactivities of both 1 and 2 toward a variety of reagents provide strong, although indirect support for the planar, pseudopericyclic transition structures for these reactions which are predicted by ab initio calculations.
AB - Acetylketene (1) was generated by flash pyrolysis of 2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (6). The selectivities of 1 toward a number of representative functional groups were measured for the first time in a series of competitive trapping reactions. The trend in reactivities toward 1 follows the general order amines > alcohols » aldehydes ≈ ketones and can be rationalized by considering both the nucleophilicity and the electrophilicity of the reacting species. Alcohols show significant selectivity based on steric hindrance, with MeOH ≈ 1° > 2° > 3°. These selectivities are consistent with the activation energies and the pseudopericyclic transition structure previously calculated for the addition of water to formylketene. The results, presented here, of ab initio transition structure calculations for the addition of ammonia to formylketene are qualitatively consistent with the experimental trends as well. N-Propylacetacetimidoylketene (2) was generated by the solution pyrolysis of tert-butyl N-propyl-3-amino-2-butenoate (9a) and showed similar selectivity toward alcohols as opposed to ketones and similar steric discrimination toward alcohols. This is again in agreement with previous ab initio calculations. Taken together, these experimental trends in the reactivities of both 1 and 2 toward a variety of reagents provide strong, although indirect support for the planar, pseudopericyclic transition structures for these reactions which are predicted by ab initio calculations.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0001294103&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/jo971083d
DO - 10.1021/jo971083d
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0001294103
SN - 0022-3263
VL - 62
SP - 7114
EP - 7120
JO - Journal of Organic Chemistry
JF - Journal of Organic Chemistry
IS - 21
ER -