@article{4b93a16acaad4dd9950cf48a7b1be080,
title = "Bison butchery at Cooper, a Folsom site on the Southern Plains",
abstract = "Cooper, a Folsom arroyo-trap bison kill site in northwest Oklahoma is composed of three large-scale kill episodes. The bison bones have been examined for butchering evidence and exploring the butchering pattern. Damage categories to cortical bone are indentation, cut mark, helical fracture, and impact blow. The 99 elements damaged are from 36 carcasses across all three kills, and damage morphology indicates both lithic and bone expediency tools were used in the butchering. Animals are being butchered in an upright position on their stomachs, with transverse and abdominal muscles the focal point. Experimental butchering of a bison replicates the reconstructed sequence and underscores a gourmet butchering style for the Cooper kills.",
keywords = "Bison, Butchering evidence, Cultural taphonomy, Folsom, Gourmet butchery",
author = "Eileen Johnson and Bement, {Leland C.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Kent Buehler (Oklahoma Archeological Survey) for his interest, help, patience, and helpful review comments of a draft of this manuscript; and the various staff and students at the Museum of Texas Tech University for their help with the Cooper collection and the database, in particular Susan Baxevanis (former Collections Manager – Anthropology) and Katherine Bell. The authors also thank Dr. Patrick Lewis (Sam Houston State University, Huntsville) for his interest and statistical analyses of the indentation metric data. Support for this research was through a Texas Tech University Big 12 Fellowship (senior author) and the Museum of Texas Tech University and represents part of the ongoing Lubbock Lake Landmark regional research into grasslands hunter-gatherers and adaptations to ecological changes on the Southern Plains. Cooper site excavation was funded in part by the National Geographic Society and private donations. The Flying W Ranch donated the bison employed in the replicative butchering study.",
year = "2009",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1016/j.jas.2009.02.007",
language = "English",
volume = "36",
pages = "1430--1446",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science",
issn = "0305-4403",
number = "7",
}