TY - JOUR
T1 - Biophysical viscosity: thermodynamic principles of per capita chemical potentials in human populations
T2 - Thermodynamic Principles of per Capita Chemical Potentials in Human Populations
AU - Oates, RP
AU - Anderson, Todd
AU - Morse, Audra
AU - Montagner, Cassiana C
AU - Klein, David
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank FAPESP-SPRINT 2015/ 50458-9 (Saõ Paulo Researchers in International Collaboration), George McMahan Development LLC, and the TTU Institute for Environmental and Human Health for providing funding for the initial phase of this international collaboration between researchers from the State of Saõ Paulo and Texas Tech University to foster scientific and technological development.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2017/6/30
Y1 - 2017/6/30
N2 - Dynamic viscosity has been used to describe molecular resistance to flow under an applied force. This study introduces the theory of biophysical viscosity, the resistance of a region to molecular flow under environmental force to define the rates of per capita anthropogenic chemical efflux into the environment. Biophysical viscosity is an important intermediate quantity, in that it can be used to calculate the chemical potentials of single molecules for individuals in a population. Nonhypothetical emission data was combined with chemical potentials of anthropogenic tracers, to demonstrate that thermodynamic quantities can be used as parameters to directly compare energies associated with individual chemical emissions across geographic regions. These results indicate that population density is not the only factor in the determination of population-level chemical efflux and that biophysical viscosity is a useful tool in determining the per capita chemical potentials of anthropogenic chemicals for environmental risk assessment.
AB - Dynamic viscosity has been used to describe molecular resistance to flow under an applied force. This study introduces the theory of biophysical viscosity, the resistance of a region to molecular flow under environmental force to define the rates of per capita anthropogenic chemical efflux into the environment. Biophysical viscosity is an important intermediate quantity, in that it can be used to calculate the chemical potentials of single molecules for individuals in a population. Nonhypothetical emission data was combined with chemical potentials of anthropogenic tracers, to demonstrate that thermodynamic quantities can be used as parameters to directly compare energies associated with individual chemical emissions across geographic regions. These results indicate that population density is not the only factor in the determination of population-level chemical efflux and that biophysical viscosity is a useful tool in determining the per capita chemical potentials of anthropogenic chemicals for environmental risk assessment.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85028943853&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsomega.7b00613
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.7b00613
M3 - Article
VL - 2
SP - 2878
EP - 2882
JO - ACS Omega
JF - ACS Omega
IS - 6
ER -