Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of bone biology, followed by a breakdown of materials historically used for orthopedic repairs. Earlier materials, such as metals and ceramics, were chosen based on mechanical properties, but without an emphasis on biological compatibility. Material development research slowly shifted focus to biocompatibility and osseointegration, with the use of biological polymers and functionalized polymers, or composites. A list of pre-requisites for the design of the ideal bone biomaterial is provided, followed by a selection of engineered materials successfully developed in vitro. An overview of engineered materials, associated cell types and growth factors is provided. Finally, future directions are presented particulary exploring the need for research with animal models, cellular mechanosensing, vascularization of implants and treatment of osteoprotic defects. In conclusion, bone tissue engineering and regeneration have yet to deliver promising results as a routine therapeutic application in reconstructive surgery. Despite accelerated research in vitro and in vivo, much remains to be elucidated before solutions can be provided for the treatment of large bone defects.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Bone Regeneration |
Subtitle of host publication | Concepts, Clinical Aspects and Future Directions |
Publisher | Nova Science Publishers, Inc. |
Pages | 231-254 |
Number of pages | 24 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9781536139914 |
ISBN (Print) | 9781536139907 |
State | Published - Jul 12 2018 |
Keywords
- Biomaterials
- Bone regeneration
- Bone repair
- Tissue engineering