Biocompatibility of macroporous cryogel materials

Biocompatibility is one of the imperative and mandatory evaluations of materials for biomedical applications and can be assessed through either in vitro or in vivo ways. In vitro biocompatibility evaluates cytotoxicity, protein adsorption and blood clotting ability of the material, while in vivo assessment tells about localized and systemic toxicities caused by the material. Biocompatibility of a material depends on a number of factors such as the physicochemical nature, surface roughness, nature and density of attached polymers on the surface and balance of hydrophobocity and hydrophilicity. Macroporous cryogels are promising cell scaffold biomaterials for different tissue engineering applications. Cryogels are highly porous, are mechanically strong and provide large surface areas for adhesion and growth of the cells. Cryogels are biocompatible under in vitro and in vivo cellular environments. They support the growth of mammalian cells under in vitro culture and completely integrate within the host tissues, when implanted inside the body. This chapter focuses on different aspects of biocompatibility and types of cryogel biocompatibility.