TY - JOUR
T1 - Antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity of low intensity direct current activated silver–titanium implant system prototype
AU - Tan, Zhuo
AU - Havell, Edward A.
AU - Orndorff, Paul E.
AU - Shirwaiker, Rohan A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Silver-based devices activated by electric current are of interest in biomedicine because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study investigates the in vitro antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity of a low intensity direct current (LIDC)-activated silver–titanium implant system prototype designed for localized generation and delivery of silver ions at the implantation site. First, the antibacterial efficacy of the system was assessed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) over 48 h at current levels of 3 and 6 µA in Mueller–Hinton broth. The cytotoxicity of the system was then evaluated over 48 h in two phases using an in vitro model with in which the activated electrodes were suspended in growth medium in a cell-seeded tissue culture plate. In phase-1, the system was tested on human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line and compared to titanium controls. In phase-2, the cytotoxicity characteristics were validated with normal human diploid osteoblast cells. The LIDC-activated system demonstrated high antimicrobial efficacy against MRSA, but was also toxic to human cells immediately surrounding the electrodes. The statistical analysis showed that the cytotoxicity was a result of the presence of silver, and the electric activation did not make it worse.
AB - Silver-based devices activated by electric current are of interest in biomedicine because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study investigates the in vitro antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity of a low intensity direct current (LIDC)-activated silver–titanium implant system prototype designed for localized generation and delivery of silver ions at the implantation site. First, the antibacterial efficacy of the system was assessed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) over 48 h at current levels of 3 and 6 µA in Mueller–Hinton broth. The cytotoxicity of the system was then evaluated over 48 h in two phases using an in vitro model with in which the activated electrodes were suspended in growth medium in a cell-seeded tissue culture plate. In phase-1, the system was tested on human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line and compared to titanium controls. In phase-2, the cytotoxicity characteristics were validated with normal human diploid osteoblast cells. The LIDC-activated system demonstrated high antimicrobial efficacy against MRSA, but was also toxic to human cells immediately surrounding the electrodes. The statistical analysis showed that the cytotoxicity was a result of the presence of silver, and the electric activation did not make it worse.
KW - Antimicrobial efficacy
KW - Cytotoxicity
KW - Low intensity direct current
KW - Orthopaedic application
KW - Silver–titanium implant
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85009513848&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10534-017-9993-1
DO - 10.1007/s10534-017-9993-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 28093655
AN - SCOPUS:85009513848
SN - 0966-0844
VL - 30
SP - 113
EP - 125
JO - BioMetals
JF - BioMetals
IS - 1
ER -