TY - JOUR
T1 - Analytical Approach to Microwave Orientations Based on a Strongly Coupled Array
AU - Wang, Hao
AU - Shen, Fazhong
AU - Qi, Xiaokang
AU - Zhang, Mei
AU - Wang, Jun
AU - Zhang, Bin
AU - Li, Changzhi
AU - Ran, Lixin
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received October 20, 2019; revised December 31, 2019 and March 7, 2020; accepted March 23, 2020. Date of publication May 14, 2020; date of current version September 2, 2020. This work was supported by the NSFC under Grant 61771421, Grant 61901414, and Grant 51607168. (Hao Wang and Fazhong Shen contributed equally to this work.) (Corresponding author: Lixin Ran.) Hao Wang, Fazhong Shen, Xiaokang Qi, Mei Zhang, Bin Zhang, and Lixin Ran are with the Laboratory of Applied Research on Electromagnetics (ARE), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China (e-mail: ranlx@zju.edu.cn).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1963-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - With the rapid progress of radio frequency (RF) and baseband integrated circuits, there are strong demands to minimize the dimension of array-based microwave systems, including orientation systems. However, miniaturizing array apertures will result in strong mutual coupling. To date, realizing microwave orientations in the presence of strong mutual coupling remains a technical challenge. In this article, we theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated that this challenge can be overcome by deriving forward equations based on a hybrid equivalent circuit model and solving such equations by a backpropagation optimization. Different from conventional circuit equivalence, this hybrid equivalence integrates the modeling of incident fields, coupled array, and RF channels. Full-wave simulations and experiments based on a visualized UHF-band prototype verified the effectiveness. This approach can be further used in coupled array-based beamsteering, forming, and nulling applications.
AB - With the rapid progress of radio frequency (RF) and baseband integrated circuits, there are strong demands to minimize the dimension of array-based microwave systems, including orientation systems. However, miniaturizing array apertures will result in strong mutual coupling. To date, realizing microwave orientations in the presence of strong mutual coupling remains a technical challenge. In this article, we theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated that this challenge can be overcome by deriving forward equations based on a hybrid equivalent circuit model and solving such equations by a backpropagation optimization. Different from conventional circuit equivalence, this hybrid equivalence integrates the modeling of incident fields, coupled array, and RF channels. Full-wave simulations and experiments based on a visualized UHF-band prototype verified the effectiveness. This approach can be further used in coupled array-based beamsteering, forming, and nulling applications.
KW - BP optimization
KW - coupled array
KW - equivalent circuit
KW - microwave orientation
KW - virtualization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091049710&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TMTT.2020.2992608
DO - 10.1109/TMTT.2020.2992608
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85091049710
VL - 68
SP - 3898
EP - 3907
JO - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
JF - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
SN - 0018-9480
IS - 9
M1 - 9093200
ER -