TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis and control of charge and temperature imbalance within a lithium-ion battery pack
AU - Docimo, Donald J.
AU - Fathy, Hosam K.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received December 11, 2017; accepted March 6, 2018. Date of publication April 12, 2018; date of current version June 11, 2019. Manuscript received in final form March 22, 2018. This work was supported by “CAREER: Identifiability Optimization in Electrochemical Battery Systems” under NSF Grant #1351146. Recommended by Associate Editor G. Papafotiou. (Corresponding author: Hosam K. Fathy.) D. J. Docimo was with the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA. He is now with the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA (e-mail: ddocimo@illinois.edu).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1993-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2019/7
Y1 - 2019/7
N2 - This paper presents insights into the tradeoffs that exist when balancing charge and temperature within a lithium-ion battery pack. Both charge imbalance and temperature imbalance can harm battery pack performance - the former limits the charge/discharge capabilities of the pack, and the latter is known to accelerate battery pack aging. The literature proposes the manipulation of balancing current, normally reserved for charge or voltage balancing, to additionally reduce temperature heterogeneity. The goal is to limit both charge and temperature imbalance simultaneously, as balancing one may increase imbalance of the other. A noticeable gap in the literature, one this paper seeks to address, is the lack of a more formal understanding of the tradeoffs between charge and temperature imbalance. This paper uses a formal framework to obtain insights regarding the cases of balancing neither charge nor temperature, balancing charge, and balancing temperature. This allows for the determination of different factors that describe how balancing one state impacts the other, as well as the discovery that temperature balancing can be improved through the control of the average pack current. A model predictive control scheme is used to determine balancing current and validate these insights for a variety of scenarios.
AB - This paper presents insights into the tradeoffs that exist when balancing charge and temperature within a lithium-ion battery pack. Both charge imbalance and temperature imbalance can harm battery pack performance - the former limits the charge/discharge capabilities of the pack, and the latter is known to accelerate battery pack aging. The literature proposes the manipulation of balancing current, normally reserved for charge or voltage balancing, to additionally reduce temperature heterogeneity. The goal is to limit both charge and temperature imbalance simultaneously, as balancing one may increase imbalance of the other. A noticeable gap in the literature, one this paper seeks to address, is the lack of a more formal understanding of the tradeoffs between charge and temperature imbalance. This paper uses a formal framework to obtain insights regarding the cases of balancing neither charge nor temperature, balancing charge, and balancing temperature. This allows for the determination of different factors that describe how balancing one state impacts the other, as well as the discovery that temperature balancing can be improved through the control of the average pack current. A model predictive control scheme is used to determine balancing current and validate these insights for a variety of scenarios.
KW - Feedback control
KW - lithium-ion batteries
KW - model predictive control (MPC)
KW - state heterogeneity
KW - time-varying systems
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048321712&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TCST.2018.2819966
DO - 10.1109/TCST.2018.2819966
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85048321712
VL - 27
SP - 1622
EP - 1635
JO - IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology
SN - 1063-6536
IS - 4
M1 - 8337096
ER -