TY - JOUR
T1 - African-American travel agents
T2 - Travails and survival
AU - Butler, David L.
AU - Carter, Perry L.
AU - Brunn, Stanley D.
PY - 2002/10
Y1 - 2002/10
N2 - Social science research on the struggles of early and contemporary independent African-American travel agents represents a void in the literature. These agents experienced serious obstacles to survival during the past half-century, not only during times of racial segregation, but more recently with airlines and government regulations, expensive technological innovations, and significant industry demands. Six agents describe their histories, successes and failures, and the futures of independent Black travel agents; serious difficulties remain, including access to capital. A scenario identifies the start-up costs for an independent Black travel agency in a medium-sized Middle West metropolitan area to illustrate the problems that remain. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
AB - Social science research on the struggles of early and contemporary independent African-American travel agents represents a void in the literature. These agents experienced serious obstacles to survival during the past half-century, not only during times of racial segregation, but more recently with airlines and government regulations, expensive technological innovations, and significant industry demands. Six agents describe their histories, successes and failures, and the futures of independent Black travel agents; serious difficulties remain, including access to capital. A scenario identifies the start-up costs for an independent Black travel agency in a medium-sized Middle West metropolitan area to illustrate the problems that remain. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW - African-Americans
KW - Entrepreneurs
KW - Race
KW - Travel agent
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0036804077&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00022-1
DO - 10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00022-1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0036804077
SN - 0160-7383
VL - 29
SP - 1022
EP - 1035
JO - Annals of Tourism Research
JF - Annals of Tourism Research
IS - 4
ER -