TY - JOUR
T1 - Acute effects of Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnO and CuO nanomaterials on Xenopus laevis
AU - Nations, Shawna
AU - Wages, Mike
AU - Cañas, Jaclyn E.
AU - Maul, Jonathan
AU - Theodorakis, Chris
AU - Cobb, George P.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/5
Y1 - 2011/5
N2 - Metal oxide nanomaterials have exhibited toxicity to a variety of aquatic organisms, especially microbes and invertebrates. To date, few studies have evaluated the toxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials on aquatic vertebrates. Therefore, this study examined effects of ZnO, TiO2, Fe2O3, and CuO nanomaterials (20-100nm) on amphibians utilizing the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus (FETAX) protocol, a 96h exposure with daily solution exchanges. Nanomaterials were dispersed in reconstituted moderately hard test medium. These exposures did not increase mortality in static renewal exposures containing up to 1000mgL-1 for TiO2, Fe2O3, CuO, and ZnO, but did induce developmental abnormalities. Gastrointestinal, spinal, and other abnormalities were observed in CuO and ZnO nanomaterial exposures at concentrations as low as 3.16mgL-1 (ZnO). An EC50 of 10.3mgL-1 ZnO was observed for total malformations. The minimum concentration to inhibit growth of tadpoles exposed to CuO or ZnO nanomaterials was 10mgL-1. The results indicate that select nanomaterials can negatively affect amphibians during development. Evaluation of nanomaterial exposure on vertebrate organisms are imperative to responsible production and introduction of nanomaterials in everyday products to ensure human and environmental safety.
AB - Metal oxide nanomaterials have exhibited toxicity to a variety of aquatic organisms, especially microbes and invertebrates. To date, few studies have evaluated the toxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials on aquatic vertebrates. Therefore, this study examined effects of ZnO, TiO2, Fe2O3, and CuO nanomaterials (20-100nm) on amphibians utilizing the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus (FETAX) protocol, a 96h exposure with daily solution exchanges. Nanomaterials were dispersed in reconstituted moderately hard test medium. These exposures did not increase mortality in static renewal exposures containing up to 1000mgL-1 for TiO2, Fe2O3, CuO, and ZnO, but did induce developmental abnormalities. Gastrointestinal, spinal, and other abnormalities were observed in CuO and ZnO nanomaterial exposures at concentrations as low as 3.16mgL-1 (ZnO). An EC50 of 10.3mgL-1 ZnO was observed for total malformations. The minimum concentration to inhibit growth of tadpoles exposed to CuO or ZnO nanomaterials was 10mgL-1. The results indicate that select nanomaterials can negatively affect amphibians during development. Evaluation of nanomaterial exposure on vertebrate organisms are imperative to responsible production and introduction of nanomaterials in everyday products to ensure human and environmental safety.
KW - Development
KW - FETAX
KW - Metal oxides
KW - Nanomaterials
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79955040188&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.061
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.061
M3 - Article
C2 - 21345480
AN - SCOPUS:79955040188
VL - 83
SP - 1053
EP - 1061
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
SN - 0045-6535
IS - 8
ER -